Scheme and layout options for a plot of 12 acres: how to properly plan the space, arrangement of the territory with a house, bathhouse and garage, photo of a country house project

Having received ownership of a land plot of 12 acres, the owner must use it wisely and profitably.
This will be possible subject to knowledge of zoning principles and compliance with state standards in the field of urban planning and fire safety gaps from the border.

This article provides advice on how to plan a plot of land of 12 acres and correctly place all construction objects and green areas.

Where to start designing?

It will not be possible to carry out correct zoning without drawing up a diagram and plan. To do this, they take the existing memory layout on a certain scale, transfer its boundaries, determine its shape and the objects that are planned to be placed on it in accordance with the functional purpose.

After this, these objects are cut out to scale from colored paper and placed on the diagram, taking into account the minimum distances from boundaries and red lines in accordance with the requirements of building, sanitary and fire regulations.

How to execute the scheme correctly?

Zoning is the most important planning stage . In fact, there can be many functional zones on a land plot, but for simplicity, they are all grouped into 4 groups:

Residential building 10%.
Outbuildings, garage and bathhouse - 10%.
Gardening area - 65%.
Recreation area with a sports or children's playground, swimming pool and artificial pond -15%.

In order to correctly position objects on the plan, you will need to take into account:

form of memory;
cardinal directions;
compass rose;
terrain - hills and lowlands, natural bodies of water and existing trees and shrubs;
depth of groundwater.

After complete information characterizing the memory has been collected, we begin to draw objects on the diagram. To do this, trace the outlines of paper objects with a pencil. On such a plot of 12 acres you can place:

residential building with a detached or built-in garage;
car parking;
livestock shed and woodshed;
bathhouse or guest house;
gazebo;
water;
recreation area;
sports or children's playground;
well;
compost pit.

Lawn arrangement

The lawn paired with paved paths gives the site a neat and noble appearance. It is a separate piece of land, which is sown with various types of herbaceous plants. The latter can be annual or perennial. The second option is preferable, since it will only require timely care and not replanting. Plants are selected according to soil type and climate. Lawns are classified into three types:

Decorative. Used only for beauty in those areas where no human foot steps;
Functional. In addition to their neat appearance, plants also provide additional support to the soil from crumbling. The option is relevant for the slopes of reservoirs or ravines;
Universal. They combine decorative and “strengthening” functions.

Before planting, the soil is prepared, and after the grass has sprouted, it will require regular care (mowing).

Placement of objects in areas of different shapes

After choosing the scheme and type of zoning, the location of the house, the central entrance and the garage, you can begin to place objects. In principle, plots of 12 acres can accommodate all the necessary residential and non-residential outbuildings, as well as a well, a garage, a bathhouse and a gazebo. The specific placement will depend on the shape of the charger, the direction of the light and the wind potential .

Rectangular

The most preferred plot of 12 acres has a size of 30x40m. This form is very convenient for planning and makes it possible to place long paths connecting all its areas.

A residential building can have a plan area of 120 m2; it should be placed in the northern part, since there is more shade there.

The windows of living rooms should face east and west . In the south, a veranda is being built that will protect the interior from bright sunlight.

One of the best places for garden beds is in the south, so they are not shaded by buildings or garden trees. The position of vegetable beds largely depends on the soil. If it is clayey, then they are located from north to south.

For sandy soil, the optimal direction is from east to west, since in this case the drying of the soil slows down. To make them look more harmonious, they are given a strict rectangular shape.

Important! If the terrain of the site has a slope and most of it is located in a lowland, then the house is located at the highest elevation to prevent flooding. If it is located on a long southern slope, a residential building is built on a hill, and on a northern slope - in the middle part, facing west.

Square

It is recommended to enrich a square plot with asymmetrical design . Initially, many people find this form boring, but nevertheless it makes it possible to use numerous options. To save central space, it is recommended to locate a residential building at one of the edges.

Along the perimeter there are paths, the length of which is laid out with flower beds. Asymmetrical paths and round decorative elements, which can create a much more harmonious space, effectively diversify design solutions. These primarily include gazebos, flower beds of a certain shape, and round lawns.

Triangular

A residential building should occupy no more than 10% of the total area .
Therefore, the house should have a size of 120 m2. It is located on the south side, where the central entrance for transport and the main road are located. Outbuildings are being built along the northern border of the site.

Paths for such storage facilities are arranged parallel to the borders. Most of the central territory is allocated for a recreation area. The terrace from the north should be equipped with wind protection. Gazebos are installed in a recreation area hidden from prying eyes. It can be hidden behind decorative elements or decorative hedges.

Round

For this type, a radial arrangement of zones is used , the house is located in a depth not reaching 3 m from the boundaries, with a northern location for non-residential premises and a southern location for residential premises. The central entrance to the house is also located here.

Fruit trees are located along the fence, also in a circle. The recreation area is divided in the center with a pond. Paths connect all objects in a circle. The beds are located in the western, unshaded part of the plot.

Polygonal

When diagonally zoning, wide paths are used. This will allow you to place the entrance to the house away from the street, and the adjacent area will be private, and you can separate the zones with a screen of bushes.

On such a site, it will be necessary to allocate twice as much land for a recreation area than for household and gardening . It will not be possible to build outbuildings in full; you will have to choose either a bathhouse or a barn in order to ensure minimum fire and sanitary distances.

On the windward side, wind-resistant trees are planted tightly, and in places with high wind loads, such planting is done on all sides to protect the soil.

Landscape Design Styles

Landscape design needs to be given enough attention. Compliance with the basic rules is not only necessary from an aesthetic point of view, but also helps to place all the components of the future site more economically and efficiently. There are many styles in landscape design. They can be used both in their pure form and eclectic.

The main styles are as follows:

Classical. It is distinguished by straight lines, strict geometric lines in the placement of all objects. Lawns and trees should be trimmed evenly and neatly, all elements should be harmoniously integrated into the overall design.
Russian ethnicity. This style reproduces the aesthetics and traditions of a traditional Russian village. Therefore, when choosing materials for buildings, they give preference to wood, and when choosing materials for decoration, they give preference to carvings.
English style. Freedom in the placement of all design elements prevails here. The garden, lawn and other plant components should be neat and well-groomed, but symmetry is not required. The English style will be complemented by a stone path and similar stone trim for the pond.
Japanese style. Its main idea is minimalism. All details must be functional, no unnecessary details or excessive decoration. Traditionally, in the style of Japanese minimalism, it is customary to decorate the site with a winter garden, which will be the main design element.

Minimalism is increasingly entering the landscape design of residential and country yards. But it is not enough to get rid of unnecessary details. It is important to give functionality and aesthetics to all elements used. This style includes the following elements:

Minimum outbuildings.
Lack of a lot of detail and variety in design.
Clear division into zones without smooth transitions.
Minimum color and texture diversity: all steps, decking, podiums must be made of the same or similar material.
A small variety of trees, bushes and flowers for decoration. As a rule, they are arranged in a certain order and very harmoniously.
Gazebos and other small architectural forms are not flashy, discreet and small in area.

There are also country, high-tech, Provence and many others styles. Each style has its own characteristics and advantages.

Space zoning

The layout of the house can be street, when the house is placed on the street border of the site, central - in the center and recessed, at the end of the building, in relation to the central passage. Experts believe that the most promising is the central location of the house . In this case, symmetrical placement of objects can be used, and the house will be protected from street noise and dust.

They try to remove outbuildings: a summer kitchen, garage, shed, or woodshed away from visitors, for example, place them behind a garden area or decorate them with floral decorative elements or small fences. They must be connected to each other into a single integrated system using paved paths.

Utility premises are located taking into account minimal fire and sanitary gaps:

yard toilet in relation to the drinking well and the house - 8 m;
well with drinking water in relation to the compost pit - 8 m;
bathhouse to the red line - 5 m, to a residential building - 8 m;
garage, built into the house on the north side or detached at a distance of 3 m to the border;
barn with animals 15 m from a residential building;
boiler room or barbecue taking into account the wind so that smoke does not enter the room - 5m.

Most of the space is allocated to the vegetable garden and garden, but when allocating space for this zone, it is important to take into account the wind rose and the location of the cardinal points; the vegetable garden should preferably be located in the southern part of the site, tall trees in the northern side to protect it from cold winds.

This zone should go well with the recreation area, flower beds and artificial ponds. Restrictions on minimum gaps for trees - tall ones should not be located closer than 4 m from the boundaries, and medium ones - 2 m, so as not to obscure the neighboring property.

The recreation area is designed as a central element of the landscaping project . Usually it is located right in front of the house. In the center of it, it is recommended to place a gazebo, which can be either a summer one made of wood or a permanent one made of brick; it can have an internal stove, which will allow you to relax outside during the cold and rainy season.

Note! The playground should be located next to the house and have a good view from the windows of the house. Its content depends on the age of the children and can be combined with a sports ground.

Organization of a recreation area

The center of the zone becomes a gazebo. This building is necessary for a good rest. She may be:

Monumental made of brick or wood with glazed windows and a stove inside
Temporary, used only in summer.

As an economical option, picturesque “green” gazebos are installed. They are a wire frame along which grapes are woven. The composition is completed with country furniture: a table and a pair of chairs or a bench. In addition to the gazebo, a barbecue is installed or a specially designated barbecue area is created. In more expensive options, a garden path can lead to a swimming pool or decorative pond.

How and where to place a private house?

There are several options for placing the house: urban - 3 m from the fence running along the street, central and deep in the yard. The last two are most preferable, since they protect the house from street noise.

More specifically, the location of the house and its shape in plan depends on the shape of the site:

A rectangle, a universal shape, the house can be located according to all three standard schemes and have any shape in plan; the location of the house diagonally in the western corner of the building looks very good.
Square, most owners use an asymmetrical arrangement of objects near the house; the house can have either a central or diagonal location in the northeast corner of the building.
Circle, only diagonal placement in the depth of the memory and radial zoning.
Triangle, diagonal location of the house in the depths of the northern part of the plot, so that the shadow does not fall on the garden.
Polygon, diagonal central placement of the house, other objects are placed asymmetrically.

Arrangement of other buildings

The garage is located near the central entrance, if conditions on the north side allow, and it is better to build it built into the basement of the house, in which case there will be more free space for a vegetable garden or recreation area.

Important! When placing a garage, you need to take into account the gap to the red line - 5 m, the boundaries of the site - 1 m and the garden at least 3 m, since a running engine does not contribute to the growth of plants.

The bathhouse has restrictions on fire and sanitary gaps - at least 8 m from the house, 5 m from the red line and 1 m from the boundaries of the plot. When planning, the wind rose is taken into account so that smoke from the chimney does not enter the living quarters and recreation area, as well as the presence of utility networks: water, sewerage and electrical networks.

More specifically, the location of these objects depends on the shape of the land plot and its topography:

Rectangular . The bathhouse and the garage are located asymmetrically to the house, the garage is in the northeast adjacent to the house, and the bathhouse is in the southwest, 8 m away from the gazebo located in the center of the recreation area.
Square . When placed diagonally, the bathhouse is located on the western side opposite the house, 1 m from the fence and 8 m from the gazebo, which is located in the center of the allotment in the recreation area, a garage built into the house.
Circle . The bathhouse is opposite the house, 1 m from the border circumference, in the southern part of the building, at the northern central entrance, the garage is built into the basement.
Polygon . The bathhouse is opposite the house, at the southern border of the property, between them there is a recreation area, along the common side from the west in the corner there is a garden with a gazebo, the distance between them is no more than 8 m, and on the east side there is a garage and the central entrance.

Features for plants

This zone occupies most of the area from 50 to 60%. Usually it is arranged in a “dead” part of the plant, away from the street, so that dust does not settle on the leaves and exhaust gases do not poison the fruits.

The choice of trees must be taken very responsibly , they bear fruit from 30 to 50 years, and mistakes made during planting can be detected no earlier than 7 years later, after which it will be quite difficult, and sometimes impossible, to correct them.

Very often, site owners who do not want to care for their garden exclude it from zoning. As an alternative, leave small beds for greenery and flower beds.

Garden

The norm for planting trees for a garden is 3 acres:

5-6 apple trees;
1 pear;
two cherries, plums and sweet cherries;
2 peaches for the southern regions;
5 bushes of black and red currants;
10 raspberry bushes;
3 gooseberry bushes;
250 strawberry bushes.

It is useful to place a couple of Christmas trees and thujas on the site. Over the years they will stretch out and create shade. In addition, there will be a pleasant pine aroma around the house all year round.

Helpful information . It is not recommended to plant trees extremely close to buildings, since over time, as the root system develops, it can damage the foundation. Bushes should be planted around the perimeter of the “green” zone or in the center as symbolic boundaries.

Flowerbeds

Flower beds and flower beds are arranged to decorate recreation areas and the central entrance to the house. They are somewhat different from each other. So, a flower bed, as a rule, has the correct shape and a fence in the form of a border, but a flower garden does not have a clear boundary and can be of any shape, even the most bizarre. Sometimes it is placed on lawns among bushes and trees.

To choose a location, you need to take into account not only the aesthetic component, but also the condition of the soil and shading . In order for the flower beds to bloom throughout the warm season of the year, you need to choose the right perennial flowers. Spring low-growing varieties, such as hyacinths and snowdrops, are planted in the foreground, tulips in the middle, summer and autumn flowers in the background.

Garden

For it you need to allocate the sunniest place in the southern area. In order for a garden to produce good harvests, it must meet certain requirements:

Carrying out agrotechnical activities and applying fertilizers.
To create air permeability of the soil, for this purpose various types of disintegrants are added, from straw chaff to river sand.
Organizing good humidity conditions: excess water is removed through drainage or added during irrigation.
Organization of wind protection of the site.

The total area of the garden is divided into several sections, while the main crops that require a larger planting area are planted in one area, and the greens are placed closer to the paths to make it easier to cut.

Important! It is not allowed to plant vegetables in the dark rows of the garden, where there is high competition for water, and the products may also be contaminated with poisons used for garden trees.

Reservoirs

According to the requirements of SNiP, it is allowed to place artificial reservoirs on the site : for extinguishing fires and accumulation pits for irrigation.

However, the construction of such a facility cannot violate the rights of neighbors and sanitary rules. Therefore, such an object is created according to a project in which the water-filled source and the place of water discharge must be indicated.

When arranging an artificial reservoir on a landfill, you will need to maintain a minimum distance to buildings - 3 m.

Preliminary stage - planning

Before you start arranging your summer cottage, it is worth studying the recommendations of experts regarding the layout. This will allow you to use the area most rationally, avoiding the fact that everything will be located chaotically, inconveniently, and ugly.

The design of a summer cottage is based on the identification of characteristic zones

So, first of all, you need to familiarize yourself with the set of building codes and regulations (SNIP). From there you can glean useful information, for example, about the recommended distances between buildings, fences, and plantings. For example, experts advise placing the garage closer to the gate.

Main types of summer cottage layouts

Pay attention to the shape of the summer cottage, its relief. The location of hills and ravines here can significantly “adjust” the overall design. It is important to take into account the relief when placing the foundation of a house and commercial buildings.

Another important point is the type of soil: it affects what green spaces will take root in the summer cottage. When the soil is initially not sufficiently enriched with organic matter, most likely you will have to additionally fertilize it and import black soil. The side of the world where the site is located, the level of natural light are important, firstly, when choosing plants, and secondly, determining the location of buildings.

Site planning is a creative process, depending on the flight of fancy and your wishes, but you need to follow generally accepted standards to avoid common mistakes

It is imperative to provide for the arrangement of a drainage system, especially if the dacha plot is located in a lowland. It will drain excess water from the home and, as a result, the soil will not subsidence, it will be possible to avoid washing away the foundation of the building, and the entire landscape will remain in its original form.

Development of a project for a country plot

Dacha construction differs from ordinary home ownership in that it is mainly designed for maintaining a vegetable garden, gardening is carried out to a minimum extent, a house for seasonal residence and outbuildings for housekeeping are built on it.

Features of zoning allotment for a dacha:

In the north there are outbuildings, a toilet and a summer shower or bathhouse, a summer kitchen and a garage.
In the south there is a vegetable garden, the central entrance to the house.
In the east there is a sports zone and a recreation area.
To the west is a garage.
Paths must be durable and connect all outbuildings and areas.
Parking should be located in front of the house from the central entrance.

Photo of designing a summer cottage:

Playground

If you are planning a holiday for children at your summer cottage, then you should consider the location and layout of the playground. The playground area does not necessarily need to be fenced, but should be functionally separated from the general area. A prerequisite must be the ability to observe the playground and play area from home. Perhaps it will be a path lined with bright tiles, a painted border, or a low hedge so that it does not interfere with watching children. Mandatory elements of the playground should be a sandbox and swings. A small bright house can become a favorite place for children to play. Do not forget that children will spend most of their active recreation on the playground.

Possible mistakes

The main reason for numerous violations during the development of such a site is spontaneous construction and the absence of a preliminary zoning scheme.

This creates not only an ugly design and causes a lot of inconvenience in the process of life, but also becomes the cause of numerous legal disputes with neighbors and regulatory authorities due to violations of the minimum construction, fire and sanitary gaps between objects, boundaries and red lines.

Most common mistakes:

Preliminary drawing of objects on the diagram is not performed.
When zoning, the wind rose, relief and shape of the plot are not taken into account.
When locating objects, the groundwater level is not taken into account.
The rectangular land plot is zoned in violation of the principle of the northern placement of the house; the garage and bathhouse are built in violation of the minimum gaps to the boundaries and the red line.
Square charger - incorrect location of the house with the living rooms exiting to the north, the bathhouse is located close to the house, during operation smoke enters the living rooms of the house.
Triangular landfill - incorrect placement of the house in a corner, in a low area, sanitary and fire breaks are not maintained, garden trees are incorrectly placed on the south side, the landfill is open to cold winds.
A round plot is an incorrect placement of objects, it is made in a circle, and not asymmetrically diagonally, the minimum distances to the borders and the red line are not maintained, the recreation area and garden are placed chaotically, and not according to a radial principle.
Polygonal building - the buildings are built without taking into account the relief, real problems are created when moving between objects, the wooden house is located closer than 15 m to the bathhouse.

Lighting

People don’t always think about what the lighting should be like in their area, and it’s very in vain. With the help of light, you can make the area look even more interesting in the evening than in the daytime. People buy functional lamps, but forget about decorative ones. To illuminate the area, soft diffused light is enough.

Recessed lights are a very good option for functional lighting. They can be placed next to the railings, on steps, along paths. These “guiding lights” will not irritate or dazzle. You can also choose columns - if you are not annoyed that such elements are very clearly visible in the daytime.

Decorative lighting allows you to highlight all the beautiful places: flower beds, interesting trees. Most often, mini-spotlights are chosen for this. Since filters can be used on the glass of such lamps, you can change the color of the light to whatever you want.

When choosing a lamp for a site, you need to take into account certain rules:

Ensure that the power cord is well insulated to prevent it from getting touched while working in the garden.

It is better to opt for energy-saving lamps.

The devices should not be as powerful as devices for the city.

Example with photo design with a house, bathhouse, garage

If such a plot stretches from East to West, the terrain is flat, the groundwater is below 1.5 m, then zoning is recommended to be done with a central location of the house with a slight offset to the northern border of the plot.

The terrace of the house is adjacent to the south-east side. The garage is adjacent to the northern wall of the house, behind the garage there is a parking lot. The northern part of the walls is protected from the wind by fir trees.

The bathhouse is located closer to the corner of the building in the northeast direction. Between the bathhouse and the eastern border of the allotment there is a utility yard with outbuildings.

At the opposite border there is a gazebo and barbecue. The recreation area extends from the bathhouse to the gazebo. The garden and vegetable garden area is located along the southern border of the property.