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Vladimir 03/29/2020
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The entrance area with a porch, a parking space for a car, an open terrace, a playground for children, a small swimming pool need protection from rain, snow, hail, and excess sunlight. A canopy in the courtyard of a house will help provide shelter from bad weather and protect property from damage. Made from modern materials and decorated with decorative elements, it will become the highlight of the courtyard area and make it unlike others. How to choose a canopy so that it combines convenience, practicality and beauty? How to harmoniously fit it into the surrounding space?
Canopy frames
The frame is the main structural element. It takes the entire load from the weight of the roof, snow and wind. The operation of the entire structure depends on its reliability.
The metal frame is strong and reliable
Metal frames are most often used.
Their advantages:
- high strength
- lightness of hollow steel structures
- resistance to humidity when carried out
- corrosion treatment
- speed of installation
Metal frames are made by welding or assembling elements from profile pipes or rolled sections.
Wooden frames are also very common. Wood is a fairly reliable and traditional material with great potential for designing both simple and complex forms of canopies.
Modern antiseptics and impregnations extend the life of wood.
The advantages of wooden structures are:
- availability of material
- ease of assembly
- beautiful wood structure
Wood is inferior to metal in terms of strength and durability. Additional treatment is required to prevent rotting and deterioration.
Wooden structures are heavier than metal ones and may lose their “marketable” appearance over time, but do not require the use of a welding machine.
The wooden frame looks good and is easy to make
Combined frame systems are often used : the main supporting elements are made of metal, and the rest are made of wood.
Stone and brick frames are more expensive and heavier. They can withstand heavy loads and do not corrode or rot.
Stone and brick as a base
All types of polycarbonate roofing with a stone, brick and concrete base look very luxurious, rich, but at the same time do not lose their lightness, which is ensured by a transparent canopy. Such supports are easy to maintain, resistant to fire, cope well with natural precipitation and are resistant to mechanical damage.
However, their installation will require significantly more time, effort and financial costs. Moreover, this building is being built for a long time, since it cannot be dismantled, that is, moved to another place on the territory.
Constructions
Despite the small size of the structure, construction must be taken seriously. No one wants their beautiful, lovingly built canopy to collapse on weak, overly thin supports or to overturn from a gust of wind.
A canopy is a roof on supports. The entire load from the weight of the roof, snow, and gusts of wind is absorbed by the roof truss system and transferred to the supports. Therefore, they must be as reliable and durable as possible.
If the structure is small, it can be installed on one support. The canopy over the entrance can simply be fixed to the wall. The roof truss system consists of rafter legs, arches or trusses made of metal or wood, supported by horizontal support elements rigidly connected to the frame.
They can also be connected to each other by horizontal purlins . If the structure is small, purlins may be unnecessary; sometimes the sheathing plays their role. Roofing material is laid on purlins, sheathing or decking.
The canopy structure must withstand all loads
To install the racks, a foundation is required: monolithic (strip) or pile.
If the racks are installed without foundations, they may become distorted and sag. This design will not last long.
Rules for the use of raw materials
There are rules for handling polycarbonate sheets established by experience:
- You should not store the material in the light; you should consider the way they are stored in the warehouse;
- the material should not crack from twisting;
- The protective film can be removed only after finishing work with the sheets;
- work on installing the flooring should be carried out quickly;
- The slabs must be laid with the UV-resistant side facing outwards, as indicated on the surface of the protective film.
Leaving cellular polycarbonate in the film in the open light will cause it to stick tightly to the plate, that is, a photochemical reaction, causing the material to become unusable.
Construction stages.
Before starting construction, you need to draw up a drawing with a plan and calculation of the amount of materials required for the construction of the canopy. It is necessary to lay down a small reserve, because... Unforeseen situations often occur.
1 Preparatory work: this consists of clearing the site for the future structure and marking the main dimensions. You can use pegs and cord.
2 Excavation work: making holes of the required shape and size for foundations.
3 Foundation construction: for greater durability, it is necessary to pour a 10 cm layer of sand and a 10-15 cm layer of crushed stone. Lay pieces of reinforcement. The pits are filled with concrete after the supports are installed.
4 Installation of racks: they must be positioned strictly vertically, using a building level or other control devices. If wood is used as a material for the racks, the bottom of the racks must be protected from moisture with several layers of roofing felt.
5 Installation of the top trim: after the concrete has set, horizontal elements are welded or otherwise attached to the top of the racks, which will serve as support for the roof truss system. Sometimes it is necessary to perform the lower and middle trim; this will give additional stability to large structures.
6 Installation of the rafter system in accordance with the selected canopy design option: single-pitch, gable, arched. If the rafter system consists of metal or wooden trusses, they are pre-prepared on the ground. Then it is lifted and secured by welding or fastening.
7 Installation of sheathing or flooring. The density of the sheathing depends on the roofing material used. For corrugated sheeting, a step of 60 cm is used, and for laying flexible tiles and ondulin, continuous flooring devices are required.
8 Treatment of the frame material from corrosion or rotting: this work must be carried out before installing the roof. Then there is a reliable guarantee that all areas of the frame are protected from the negative effects of moisture.
7 Laying the roof: installation sequence, types of fastening elements, amount of overlap must comply with the rules for laying the selected material.
8 Decorative finishing: painting, varnishing, installation of carved and forged elements are carried out. Flowering plants in pots and light curtains are always relevant. Sometimes the design includes walls made of translucent materials.
DIY polycarbonate canopy
Canopy in the courtyard of a private house made of polycarbonate and other materials (250 PHOTO IDEAS) – Beautiful appearance, convenience and practicality
Features of the construction of sheds with a pitched roof.
This is the simplest structure, even a beginner can build it. Any roofing materials can be used without any restrictions. But some features should be taken into account when designing it.
A pitched roof has a large windage area, i.e. does not withstand gusts of wind well. Therefore, the smallest possible angle of inclination is favorable for it. But at the same time, a roof that is close to a horizontal position is prone to the accumulation of large amounts of snow. When melting, it forms ice that prevents the flow of melt water. Therefore, the angle of inclination must be chosen optimally.
There are some restrictions on the materials used
When purchasing, you need to find out what minimum angle of inclination is acceptable when using this type of roof . Sheds can be either free-standing or adjacent to the wall of an existing building.
In the latter case, it is necessary to attach a horizontal wooden beam or metal profile to the wall and install the rafter system on it with one edge. The opposite side of the roof rests on posts. Carefully protect the junction with the wall from moisture with a tin valley.
Gable roof of the canopy. Features of construction.
Gable roofs are more resistant to wind than single-pitch roofs. Precipitation drains well from their surfaces, and snow does not accumulate. Can cover a larger area.
The frame is made of wood or metal
The rafter system is more complex; there are additional reinforcing elements. Any roofing materials can be used. Sheds with a gable roof are often installed over a parking lot, a recreation area, or a swimming pool.
Features of arched ceilings.
The most suitable material for an arched roof frame is metal. Structures made from it are light, durable, and can be given any shape, unlike wood.
The arched ceiling can withstand strong gusts of wind, and snow and rain do not linger on it
Cellular polycarbonate is most often used as a roofing material. Strips of it can be easily laid on an arched surface due to the flexibility of the plastic. The variety of colors allows this material to be widely used for roofing over gazebos, terraces, and entrance areas.
Polycarbonate is coated on one side with a film that protects against UV radiation. Therefore, it is safe to be under the canopy even on a hot day. Polycarbonate needs care - washing with clean water and mild detergents. The installation of arched roofs is similar to the installation of gable roofs from trusses.
Tent
They are built over square or polygonal platforms. Hip roofs resist wind loads and precipitation well.
Consist of isosceles triangles resting with their vertices on a support post
Building such canopies with your own hands is quite labor-intensive, although nothing is impossible. They have a spectacular appearance, reminiscent of oriental architecture. Roofing material for making triangles must be selected taking into account the possibility of cutting it.
Awnings
Many types of these lightweight summer shelters are used: open, cassette, semi-cassette, retractable, dome, etc. With the help of special mechanisms, awnings can be easily rolled up. This must be done in windy weather, as well as for winter conservation of the canopy.
The advantages are ease of installation and dismantling, ease of maintenance, elegant appearance
Apart from the narrow purpose of awnings, there are practically no disadvantages when used correctly.
Canopies of complex design
Shelters of complex shape are more labor-intensive and expensive to manufacture, but this is justified by the originality and uniqueness of the yard of a country estate
Such canopies are used to cover difficult spaces or decorate the landscape of an estate. They are made either according to the designer principle - from several simple forms, or by creating a single multi-level structure. Translucent colored polycarbonate or a combination of several types of coating are used as roofing materials.
Strengths
Polycarbonate has a number of advantages that effectively distinguish it from the general background among other materials.
- Has excellent light transmittance
- Gently diffuses the sun's rays, creating even illumination
- It is very easy to attach, because due to its low weight it does not put a significant load on the frame
- The weight of polycarbonate is approximately 7 times less than that of glass
- At low weight it also has significant impact resistance
- The sheets can be strongly bent, taking virtually any shape without prior preparation.
- Excellent sound insulation
- The material retains heat well
- The material's resistance to temperature changes ranges from -50 to +115 degrees Celsius
- Has a lot of variations
Design
The shelter must fit into the overall composition of the yard in size and design. The canopy should not stand out too much from the surrounding buildings with its dimensions, but also not get lost among them. The materials and decorative elements of the main structures and small buildings must match each other.
To add airiness, lighting is used in different combinations - around the perimeter and center of the building
Forged parts go well with brick or stone masonry walls of the house
Wooden gratings will look impressive when designing a canopy in an “eco” style.
Flowers in pots and climbing plants will decorate and add elegance to even the simplest, inexpressive structure
Designer-made barbecues and barbecues can decorate a gazebo and terrace and give a cozy look
Canopies in the courtyard of a private house: photos of light and elegant structures
In order to decide on the design of the structure, you can familiarize yourself with photographs of yard sheds made in different styles and from different materials.
Wooden canopy with a polycarbonate roof in a recreation area at the dacha
A canopy over the summer veranda, to protect it from the sun, translucent roller blinds are used
Combined canopy on a country plot, decorated in the style of a modern loft
Mediterranean style pergola canopy
The canopy is an important functional part of the site, performing not only a protective, but also a decorative function. That is why it is worth carefully considering the design of this structure so that it fits as harmoniously as possible into the overall style solution.
Support pillars
If you are installing a structure made of wood or metal profiles with your own hands and installing pillars in the ground, the work technology is as follows
:
- holes for supports are being prepared;
- a layer of sand and crushed stone (about 20 cm) is laid and compacted at the bottom;
- a small amount of concrete mixture is poured and a support is installed;
- After leveling the support vertically using a level, concrete is poured into the hole to the top (it will take about 7 days for the concrete to gain strength).
Both metal and wood should be pre-treated so that the material is not damaged by moisture
. Bitumen mastic is suitable for these purposes.
Laying a pole from a metal profile.
The supports can also be mounted on a ready-made site.
:
- A mounting plate is welded to the profile pipe, the metal is primed with an anti-corrosion compound and painted. Through holes in the plate, the support is attached to the concrete or tile surface using anchors.
- Wooden supports can be attached to a finished flooring made of deck boards using special metal bearings with a thick leg, which are screwed into the wooden covering.
Before installing the rafter system, it is necessary to check the height of all supports - it must correspond to the design parameters in order to maintain the correct angle of the roof and avoid distortions.
Why tree
Wood is an environmentally friendly, affordable material, reliable and safe for humans, which is the main factor why this material has been in demand for many years; it is distinguished by its warmth, naturalness, and color. These factors allow this material to add uniqueness and beauty to landscape design.
Of course, wood does not have high strength coefficients, unlike stone and iron structures. Wooden structures are subject to rot and attacks from insects and mice. But this can be avoided if you properly treat the wood with stain and fixing solutions. The varnish also has its own profound effect, and the varnished wood itself looks gorgeous.
Wooden canopy design option
When it comes to wooden sheds, some people think that they are simple, nondescript structures. But everything will depend on the imagination, the desire of the average person to correctly draw up a project. You can decorate the designs with filigree carvings, balusters and beautiful carved elements. At the same time, take into account the image of the garden where the canopy will be located, next to the house or separately.
Important! The entire structure should look proportional and interesting. This is the only way a canopy attached to a wooden house will please you
Main varieties
By type of support system
Covering the local area allows you to expand its functionality and improve living conditions in the house.
The most significant differences come from changes in the method of fixation and the supporting structure of the visor. There are three main ways to construct a support system and the product itself:
