Liana: description, varieties, planting and cultivation

The long, flexible stems of the vine cannot stand upright on their own; they must be supported. However, they have the ability to climb steep surfaces, creating picturesque living walls. Densely intertwined branches form a continuous green curtain, behind which it is easy to hide buildings in need of repair or a dull landscape. Because of this unique feature, the vine has a special place in the landscape of cottages, townhouses and community gardens.

Varieties of vines for the garden

Lianas grow mainly in tropical forests, where, moving from tree to tree, they form impenetrable thickets. In temperate regions they are not often found in the wild, but in the landscape of private and botanical gardens and parks. All rock gardens grown in gardens can be divided into two groups: perennial plants with woody stems that overwinter without shelter, and herbaceous plants with thin stems that mostly die off in the winter.

Woody vines can be evergreens, which do not shed their leaves during the cold season, or deciduous plants. Evergreen trees rarely tolerate freezing temperatures well, so their list is much shorter than that of deciduous trees. Some vines are prized for their decorative leaves that turn beautiful colors in the fall, while others are prized for their flowering splendor. Some plants produce edible berries (grapes) and are therefore grown for their fruit.

Annual climbers are a special group. They propagate by seeds and are used for landscaping private areas along with their perennial counterparts.

Fruiting vines with edible fruits

Fruit-bearing vines with fruits suitable for human consumption include the following varieties of garden vines: red cucumber, actinidia, Chinese lemongrass, honeysuckle, decorative pumpkin, grapes.

These vines combine two properties at once - the external beauty of the plant and the presence of fruits suitable for consumption. Their fruits contain many useful vitamins and minerals, and also have a healing effect on the human body. The best option for planting fruit-bearing vines is a small area.

Using vines in the garden landscape

Since the stems of vines are unstable, their use in landscape design is somewhat limited. They are grown wherever there are supports: near the walls of buildings, near fences, under canopies. Pergolas are also specially designed to support long branches.

The flexibility of climbing stems can be used to create picturesque arches over gates, porches or the entrance to a gazebo.

If you make a simple canopy using vertical posts and a few horizontal bars, you can create a green roof instead of a roof. Of course, it won't protect you from heavy rain, but it will provide shade on a hot day.

Climbing plants are also used as hedges for zoning areas. Their weaving is aimed at lattice fences or chain-link mesh to protect the yard or recreation area from prying eyes.

Another use for the vine is to create colorful mats on the ground. The wattle tree simply hangs from the ground, does not need support, grows quickly and fills empty space.

Some tips for growing climbing plants for a fence

Liana-like crops can be divided into two groups: natural vines (they can form their own crown and climb fences) and those that need help (require support).

The first group includes such as Garden ivy and maiden grapes; they naturally cling to the surface with the help of airy tendrils. However, they can cause damage to the fence.
Another group includes, for example, Honeysuckle or Clematis. They cannot climb walls and fences on their own. They will need a support or frame, such as a trellis or plastic mesh.
You need to decide which climbing plant is right for your garden. Some crops are avid climbers and are better suited to large, open walls and fences. While near the fence, they can only receive a limited amount of light. Therefore, sun-loving plants prefer a fence facing south or west. Hardier, shade-tolerant plantings will cope with cooler conditions on the north and east sides of the garden.
Try to plant climbing plants at a distance of 30-45 cm from the fence. This will create an air gap, which in turn will promote excellent ventilation and prevent moisture stagnation. This will also give the roots more room to grow.
If you have a well-lit fence in your garden, the best options would be Jasmine, Climbing Rose, Campsis and Wisteria. They require sunlight and look great.
For areas that do not receive much sunlight, you can use Clematis, Honeysuckle, Garden Ivy or Pyracantha. Clematis require little pruning, ivy needs no staking, Honeysuckle has a wonderful scent and Pyracantha will grow low and manageable.
Most climbing plants can grow quite large, spreading to nearby buildings and tall trees and shrubs. Lianas require constant monitoring - remember this.

There are many vine-like ornamental crops from which to choose. We have described only a few of them. Talk to an experienced professional at your local garden center about which fence climbing plants will suit your specific garden space and growing conditions in your region.

Perennial deciduous vines

This is the largest group of climbers. Their advantage is that they are easy to care for and have large annual growth. Under favorable growth conditions, some deciduous climbing plants can completely cover a fence, gazebo or wall of a house in 2-3 seasons. The disadvantage of most of them is their tendency to form shoots that are difficult to control. To control root growth, it is recommended to install a 30 cm deep border around each plant.

Vineyard aconitifolia

Aconitum ampelopsis, a climber reaching 8 m in length. During one growing season it reaches a height of up to 3 m. It owes its beauty to beautiful, deeply dissected leaves. The vine is especially beautiful in autumn, when its leaves take on a rich golden color.

Also decorative are its small berries, which, when ripe, hang in beautiful clusters and resemble colorful corals. The liana is resistant to diseases and pests and lends itself well to pruning. For landscaping, 1 plant per 4 m of hedge is enough.

Maiden grapes

The most common grapes in temperate latitudes are the five-leaf and attached grapes. It grows quickly, does not respond to dusty air and is practically immune to pests and diseases. If you need an undemanding plant, then it is best to choose the five-leaved subspecies.

It grows in almost all types of soil and is frost-resistant. A striking representative of the five-leaf grape is the Murorum variety. It has strong foliage and a more uniform surface coverage (compared to the panna variety). In autumn, the leaves become rich red and shiny.

The advantage of the attached maiden vine is its unique ability to climb a flat vertical plane without the use of supports.

The flattened branches literally stick into the ground, securely holding the vine even in the strongest gusts of wind. However, it is worth noting that this type of maiden grape is demanding on the soil: it must be loose, drained and light. The plant tolerates drought more easily than heavy soil with stagnant moisture.

Clematis vinifolia

An unpretentious shrub with climbing foliage, forming lush, impenetrable canopies. Clematis vinifera blooms profusely and for a long time: from late June to August. Numerous white or milky flowers in fluffy inflorescences. Clematis does not need to be tied up, as it supports itself on long petioles.

Clematis vine can grow in open, sunny places, but will fully manifest itself in light shade. It likes moderate watering and well-drained soil. It tolerates polluted and dusty environments well, so it is often used as a hedge along the sides of busy roads.

Common hop

The wings are covered with tiny spines, allowing the plant to quickly climb onto adjacent areas, creating massive green walls.

This plant has two disadvantages. Firstly, the constantly developing root system quickly takes over new territories. Secondly, shoots that have grown during the season die off for the winter. For this reason, hops are not suitable for decorating ugly fences or old, unsightly-looking buildings, because in winter they become bare and look unkempt.

Hops are mainly used to provide shade in summer gazebos and other outdoor areas. The decorative effect is represented by quite attractive, sculptural leaves and inflorescences: female conical and male paniculate inflorescences exude a pleasant aroma. The Aurea variety is especially beautiful with its unusual golden color.

Woodplier

The tree's flexible, climbing trunk is very resilient and often kills them. Therefore, it is used to decorate dead places: old fences, dried tree trunks and tall stumps that are difficult to remove. Treebranch leaves and flowers are indistinguishable. The advantage is the lush greenery, which leaves virtually no gaps and hides any imperfections in buildings and gardens.

Wood pliers are often used in landscape design on steep slopes and banks. The randomly intertwined stems create a lush carpet that prevents the germination of weeds. Ideal for vertical gardening around continuous fences or secluded pergolas in back gardens.

All varieties (climbing, round-leaved, climbing) are frost-resistant, quickly take root and are easy to care for. After planting, the plant does not require maintenance, except for pruning and removing excess shoots.

What you need to know when choosing climbing plants to decorate a fence

Climbing plants can transform an unused area of your garden into a cozy corner. Choosing the right species and variety is key, as not every vertical growing plant is suitable for every fence - some are too strong and can cause damage to your fence, and others are too heavy for a freestanding support.

What you need to pay attention to when choosing liana-like plants to decorate a fence:

First of all, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of ornamental vines for lighting, the quality of garden soil, watering and other care features;
The type of your fence is made of stone (brick), wood or corrugated board. Fast-growing vines, especially woody ones, can damage wooden fences and other supports (for example, trellises);
In addition, some types of climbing crops can grow rapidly and often become difficult to control. They can spread to other structures and choke out other plants;
Do not forget that the green mass of leaves of climbing plants will thoroughly protect your hedges from the sun, which can negatively affect their condition. Often, a fence covered with a decorative vine is exposed to high humidity. This can lead to their destruction, especially wooden fences.

Taking into account the characteristics of climbing plants and the conditions described above, you can wisely choose those decorative vines that will decorate your fences and will not harm your garden.

Perennial evergreen vines

When late autumn arrives, the charm of deciduous plants disappears - only bare branches remain. Not so with evergreen leaves: they produce flowers 24 months a year. Of course, they are less numerous than foliage plants, but they liven up the garden at any time.

Ivy

The most common evergreen plant is ivy.

When grown naturally, they easily take root in the garden. Unlike deciduous vines, it grows more slowly, but is frost-resistant and has very decorative leaves. It is able to rise to great heights with the help of its aerial roots. They grow into the joints of wood, plaster and brickwork and firmly hold the plant on sheer walls. In nature, ivy grows in shady forests, so in the garden it is worth giving the plant at least a little shade.

There are several varieties of ivy with different leaf shapes and colors. Colchis ivy is especially decorative and has variegated leaves. However, it is less hardy and grows more slowly than this species. Young shoots also need to be tied up.

Important. Colchis ivy should be planted in sunny places, as shading reduces the variegation of leaves.

Akebia

The heat-loving southern liana has only recently begun to be cultivated in temperate latitudes. In its natural habitat it is a hardy evergreen plant growing up to 10 m in length. Acebia is quite hardy, can withstand temperatures up to 200 degrees below zero. The disadvantage is that the vine sheds its leaves in harsh weather conditions and develops like a normal deciduous plant. The climate, which is atypical for the southern liana, also affects flowering - flowering is greatly reduced. The spiny, drooping inflorescences have a delicious chocolate smell, which is why the plant received its second name - chocolate vine.

Advice. To make akebia feel more comfortable in the middle regions, it should be grown against a wall on the south side of the house, where it will receive enough sunlight. In winter, the vine should be covered with construction insulation and covered with a layer of snow.

Honeysuckle honeysuckle evergreen

Honeysuckle Caprifolium is a shrub with vertical stems reaching 6 meters in length. The leaves are small, leathery and dark green. The flowers are tubular, collected in clusters, odorless, red, yellow or orange (depending on the variety). Flowering lasts from late spring to early autumn. Small red berries also have decorative value.

The species is frost-resistant. Sometimes annual shoots can freeze slightly at prolonged low temperatures. However, this does not cause irreversible damage to the plant, as it quickly recovers after spring pruning. Honeysuckle prefers to grow in fertile soils and loves sunny places.

Basic landing rules

In order to grow vines in your garden, you should know and follow some rules for planting them. The entire growing technology can be divided into the following stages:

Choosing a landing site. It is important to decide whether the selected area for planting this or that type of vine will be a permanent location or whether it will be a temporary location.
Illumination of the area. When choosing a place for planting, you should remember that vines are divided into two types: light-loving and shade-tolerant. Based on these two facts, in each specific case a suitable option is selected from all varieties of vines.

Scheme with planting sizes of vines in the garden
Selection of seedlings. It is best to choose young seedlings from local nurseries for planting. Their age should not exceed four years. And also when choosing, you should take into account all the climatic features of the region of residence and take only zoned varieties of vines.
Time to plant. The most suitable time for planting vine seedlings or seeds is spring or autumn. It is better to plant heat-loving vines in early spring to adapt them to a new location.
The soil. Almost all vines are suitable for fertile, slightly acidic soil. In this case, the landing site should be well warmed by the sun and protected from strong winds.

The process of planting vines
Placing vines near the house. When planting this way, the holes for the seedlings must be made away from the walls to prevent water from getting under the foundation of the house when watering the plants.
Installation of supports for vines. Supports must be installed before planting. If you place them later, there is a possibility of damage to the root system of the seedling. The supports must be able to withstand not only the plant itself, but also all natural conditions, such as strong wind, rain or snowfall.

Blooming decorative vines

In cases where it is necessary to create not only a hedge of vines, but also a vertical flower arrangement, beautifully flowering climbing plants are used. They are more finicky than hops or virginia vines and require more attention. But you have to give them credit, because with their help you can create a luxurious flower garden in a small area if you take good care of them.

Hydrangea petiolate (climbing)

A variety of garden hydrangea that grows as a vine rather than as a shrub. It has dark green leaves and fragrant white flowers tinged with pink. It grows slowly, but can reach a height of up to 25 m and occupy a large area. Young plants need shelter for the winter, but mature plants with woody stems can survive severe frosts without visible damage.

Petiole hydrangea loves moisture, but does not tolerate stagnation of moisture. Prefers acidic soil (pH 5.0) and tolerates some shade, although it does best in open, sunny locations.

Popular species of Hydrangea petiolaris:

Petiolaris. The tallest of the group, it forms a lush green mass without gaps;
Cordifolia. It has large inflorescences consisting of flowers of different sizes and a strong aroma;
Rock climbing. A profusely flowering variety with wide umbrella-shaped white flowers;
Miranda. Sprays reach 10 m in length with distinct light stripes on dark lettuce leaves.

Kampsis

A beautiful and vigorous plant with large, tubular flowers in clusters of several. The flowers are red or orange and appear from June to August when they are most attractive. But even after flowering, the plant remains quite decorative thanks to its large, non-flattened, serrated leaves.

Grows in sunny, fertile soils. Heavy branches are tied to strong supports that can support sufficient weight. Campsis tolerates cold winters well and grows quickly if the shoots of the previous year are frozen.

Clematis

The charming clematis flowers vary in size and color. They come in all shades of red, blue and snowy white, and are smooth, full and spreading. Flowering time also varies: some bloom in June, others in mid-summer, and others closer to autumn. By choosing several varieties with different flowering times, you can fill your garden with huge, star-shaped, magnificent flowers for a long time.

After flowering, the vine should be pruned. A length of about 50-100 cm is left, but this length depends on the variety and flowering period - the later it ends, the shorter the branch is cut.

An important stage in caring for clematis is preparing them for winter. On a dry day, shortly before frost, cut the branches to the ground, cover them with spruce branches, leaves or peat and cover them with (breathable!) material. In spring, do not remove the cover too early to prevent the plants from going dormant.

climbing roses

Roses can hardly be called vines, but nevertheless they are used on porches, gates, gazebos and wooden fences. The most suitable rose for this purpose is the rambler rose. The flowers vary in size and color and are usually found in clusters of three to six. Roses cannot climb onto the stand on their own, although they are equipped with curved thorns. They are attached to trellises mounted on walls, pergolas and gazebos.

Popular varieties of climbing roses:

Florentina. Red flowers, 9 cm across, in groups of 3 or 4, without fragrance. Grows up to 3 m in height;
Allegro. Low-growing variety, 160 cm. Soft pink flowers with a pleasant aroma;
Summergold. Pale yellow small flowers with a citrus scent are arranged in beautiful clusters of 3-5 pieces. The shrub grows up to 2.5 m in height;
Perennial Blue. Tall shrub (3-4 m), light pink flowers 2 cm in diameter form numerous clusters;
Ducat. Remontant variety with beautiful yellow flowers, tall bush, about 3 m;
Bayazzo. Renewing variety. Not very bushy, but with numerous bright flowers with a yellow center. Grows up to 3 m in height.

Important. Typically, horizontally oriented rose shoots produce more buds than vertically oriented branches. Therefore, do not try to raise the shoots as high as possible, as this will reduce flowering.

Classification of annuals

This type includes:

Echinocystis, popularly called “mad cucumber” and until recently considered a weed;
sweet pea, a bindweed from the legume family with an attractive scent and bright colors;
Basella alba, or Malabar spinach, which has medicinal properties and is eaten in southeast Asia;
dolichos, a vine from the legume family, reaching 3 meters in length, characterized by rapid growth, unpretentiousness and decorativeness;
climbing kobeya with bell-shaped flowers;
nasturtium with large fragrant flowers of bright orange color and rounded leaves;
quamoclite, an unpretentious annual from which Christmas tree figures are formed;
rough ellipse, beautifully blooming with bright buds from mid-summer to the end of the autumn season;
azarina, or maurandia, which blooms for several months;
thunbergia with heart-shaped leaves and large 5-centimeter flowers in snow-white, beige and other colors with a dark center.

Many flowering vines for the garden in their homeland, in the tropics, grow for more than one year, but in our climate, gardeners plant them as annuals.

Annual liana-like plants

Annual climbing plants that bloom throughout the summer can be used to create colorful flower arrangements. In just 2-3 weeks, with the help of their thin, flexible stems, they entwine shrubs up to 3 m high. A striking representative of climbing plants is morning glory.

Multi-colored gramophone flowers bloom daily from June to September. The stalk of morning glory will find support and wrap itself around it. If you need to plant a wall or a solid fence, you can install vertical ropes and the plant will easily rise.

Purple dolichos (hyacinth bean) is interesting in landscape design. The irregularly shaped flowers are collected in large, showy inflorescences and have a rich, long-lasting aroma. Flowering lasts from May to September, and in warm autumn - until October. Beginning in August, the bean vine produces equally attractive purple seed pods that hang in large clusters.

Decorative bean stems reach 3 m in length during the season. Throughout the summer, the flowers stand out fiery red against the green foliage. The plant tolerates shady places well, which cannot be said about most annual plants.

If you want to decorate a low hedge, you can use chickpeas. With long, twisting stems, they cling to hedges, bloom almost continuously and fill the garden with a pleasant, nostalgic scent of childhood.

Advice. Perennial rock gardens may need time to root and acclimate shortly after planting. While the shoots are sprouting, it is worth planting annual climbing plants next to them. They compensate for the temporary lack of green mass of their tree relatives.

Planting and caring for annual vines

When planting vines, it is necessary to take care of vertical supports, which can be pegs, branches, fences, and netting. It is advisable to install stands at the time of planting, so as not to later injure the roots of the sprouted plant. Caring for annual vines involves removing shoots that look out of place.

Annuals are capable of growing 5 meters in height in a short period of time. They are grown by seedlings and seed methods. Transplantation of seedlings into open ground occurs after the end of the threat of frost, in the second ten days of May.

Seeds sown in the soil should be covered with film, and when the first true leaves appear, pinching should be done to form new shoots.

Advanced gardeners often use perennials for propagation as annuals. The specificity of the technique is to get rid of unnecessary worries about wintering and at the same time the desire to vary the appearance of the site every season.

LIANAS Performed by students of group BE-51 Drobot Andrey, Polyakov Evgeniy. - presentation

LIANAS Performed by students of group BE-51 Drobot Andrey, Polyakov Evgeniy.

1. Lianas, their diversity and classification. Lianas are plants with long flexible stems that grow upward only with the help of some kind of support, twisting around it or clinging to it with the help of tendrils, sucker roots, thorns and other devices. The word "liana" comes from the French "peg", which means "to bind". Lianas are also called climbing plants. Indeed, in need of support, they “climb” onto any object suitable for this purpose: a tree, a bush, a fence. Lianas are a large, ecologically and morphologically interesting group of plants. These include plants of various systematic groups. Almost half of all families of seed plants contain species related to lianas. Among the monocots, one can name many species of the araceae family, vanilla from the orchids, rattan palms; Of the dicotyledons, there are a lot of lianas in the families of legumes, pumpkin, annonaceae, kutraceae, swallowworts, and bignoniaceae. There are also vines among ferns, for example, Japanese lygodium.

There are even liana cacti, for example, Selenicereus grandiflora, or “queen of the night,” whose leafless stems entwine the trunks and crowns of trees. They are distributed throughout the globe, with the exception of the polar regions, the alpine belt of mountains, steppes and deserts, where climatic conditions are unfavorable for the development of long stems in plants. The largest number of lianas, both in the number of species and in distribution, are found in areas with tropical and subtropical climates, especially in tropical rain forests: 2000 species of lianas grow in the tropics, and only 200 species in temperate countries. Lianas can be woody and herbaceous plants, evergreen and deciduous, annual and perennial. There are different ways of attaching vines to a support: some wrap their stems around it, others cling with tendrils or special adventitious roots, some are secured to the support with thorns, side branches, or aerial roots. Depending on the method of attachment to the support, vines are divided into four main groups: climbing, tendril-bearing, root-climbing and supporting. This classification of vines is generally followed to this day.

Climbing vines. This is the most common group. To understand what they look like, think of hops or beans. Among indoor plants, climbing vines include, for example, clerodendron, stephanotis, and some types of thunbergia. The ends of the shoots of climbing vines grow, making circular movements in search of support, describing ever larger circles as they grow. The speed of circular movement of shoots varies among different species. In warm sunny weather, a hop shoot makes one revolution in 2 hours 8 minutes, a red bean shoot in 2 hours 57 minutes. Other climbing vines make one revolution every 24 or even 48 hours. Having touched the support, the young shoot embraces it and grows along a helical line, forming an extended spiral. It is interesting that each climbing plant is characterized by a certain direction of rotation: hops and Chinese lemongrass, for example, curl clockwise, and morning glory and aristolochia counterclockwise. If there is no support, then the growing stems can wrap around each other, forming peculiar plexuses. The thickness of the support matters: some vines can wrap around a thick tree, while others can only wrap around a branch.

Root-climbing vines. Root-climbing vines are attached to the support with the help of special adventitious roots formed on the shoot. Roots appear only on the shady side of the stem facing the support, growing into dark crevices of rocks, using the slightest irregularities in the bark of trees and shrubs. By forming new young shoots with adventitious roots, the plant gradually becomes fixed on the support. Just like the tendrils of some tendril-bearing vines, adventitious roots, secreting sticky substances, can attach to a completely smooth surface. Root-climbing plants include ivy, some ficus, vanilla, and Selenicereus cactus. Supporting vines. Supporting vines do not have special devices such as tendrils or roots, and do not curl. But some of them have thorns, hooks or even pubescence that prevent the lashes from falling. Among the supported vines, bougainvillea stands out, its lateral branches grow at right angles, which also does not allow the shoot to fall off the support.

Tendril vines. These are vines that cling to support with the help of a special organ. The tendrils grow on the young shoot first and, like the shoots of climbing vines, make rotational movements in search of support. Having found support, the tendrils most often wrap tightly around it, forming, as it were, a spring that pulls the shoot towards the support. After some time, this “spring” dies and dries up, but continues to tightly hold the shoot. Some plants from the begonia and grape families have special properties: they secrete an adhesive substance with which, when they touch any support, even glass or metal, they can firmly hold onto it. There are also plants whose tendrils are secured not with the help of a “spring,” but in a special way: by finding support (for example, a crack in a wall or tree bark). They grow in it so much that it is no longer possible to remove them from there without damaging the plant or destroying the support.

2. Types of vines used in landscaping. Passages entwined with vines, gazebos and garden pavilions, numerous arches and alleys are an old tradition in ornamental gardening. Use on the site can be varied - from decorating corners for relaxation, designing arches at the entrance or exit from the garden to marking the boundaries of the garden. In hot weather, you can hide here in the openwork shade under the quiet rustle of leaves, and fabulous flowering vines will give the appearance of a romantic gazebo where you can drink tea and dream. The walls of the house can also be decorated with the help of vines, the facades will “come to life” and any house will look in harmony with nature.

Maiden grape - Parthenocissus. Maiden grapes in autumn. The fruits of virgin grapes.

Maiden grape (Parthenocissus) does not have beautiful flowers and variegated foliage, but in the fall this plant will become a real decoration of your garden, since you will only see such a bright crimson color of its leaves, and the openwork foliage will amaze with its pattern. Throughout the summer, girlish grapes will decorate walls, gazebos, and fences with thick green carpets, and in the fall this carpet will be decorated with autumn colors. In the summer, inconspicuous grape flowers will attract bees to collect honey, and in the fall, when the fruits ripen, birds will flock to feast on them. This is a perennial liana, so it is necessary to provide for its further development. It can be successfully used as a background for rose gardens, perennial flower beds, in sunny and slightly shaded places. Thanks to its rapidly growing shoots, which have the ability to attach to even a small support (this can even be cracks in a brick wall), it is used for landscaping walls, facades, terraces, alleys, and utility rooms. Periodically, you should resort to pruning, as it gains mass quite quickly and then it will be more difficult to shape it in the right direction. The height, depending on the species and place of growth, ranges from 3 to 15 m, shoots grow by cm per year. It has a fairly deep root system, this should be taken into account when planting it. It prefers a sunny or slightly shaded location; in general, the plant is unpretentious, stable, durable, tolerates smoke and gas pollution, and grows actively in any well-drained soil.

Clematis - Clematis. Clematis. Different varieties of clematis.

If you want to have a real flowering decoration in your garden, then you should definitely pay attention to clematis (Clematis). There is a wide variety of colors and shapes, so you can choose a whole rainbow of shades. With their help you can wonderfully decorate pergolas, gazebos, tree trunks, and fences. This plant is a perennial vine that produces annual growth. It should be taken into account that in our region clematis needs shelter for the winter, as its shoots freeze. It is advisable to choose wooden gratings, as they are easier to remove for the winter, and the external aesthetic appearance becomes much more beautiful. Most often you have to tie it to the support posts, because on its own it can entwine a lattice with a diameter of 2.5 cm. All clematis are very picky about the soil and grow well with normal moisture; they must have sufficient drainage and a deep planting hole. With proper care, this plant will delight you with abundant and long-lasting flowering for many years.

Propagation of clematis. Small-flowered clematis are usually propagated by seeds. Large-flowered plants are bred exclusively vegetatively. The easiest way to do this is by dividing the bush. In varieties with a high tillering ability (Anastasia, Anisimova, Jeanne d'Arc, Hagley Hybrid, Madame Baron Villar, Cosmic Melody), bush division is used for rejuvenation, since very dense bushes, even with good care, often lose their decorative appearance. Clematis can be divided both in autumn and spring, until the buds begin to grow or just begin to swell. However, if in the fall this operation is almost painless for plants, since the buds are only designated and small, then in the spring it is necessary to meet an extremely short time frame (from the moment the soil thaws until the start of growth), since it is easy to damage the rapidly growing shoots. Clematis divided in the spring will lag behind in growth compared to its autumn counterpart by about 2-3 weeks. In an adult 5-8 year old plant that has a sufficient number of shoots, the above-ground part is cut off, leaving only 2-3 pairs of buds below. The bush is carefully dug up with a lump of earth, trying not to damage the long cord-like roots. If the soil does not shake off easily, wash the roots with water from a hose. Then, using a knife, it is divided through the center of the bush into independent plants.

They work without haste, carefully, making sure that each division has enough roots and at least one shoot with buds. However, you can do without digging. On one side of the bush, a trench is torn off with a depth of cm, and the bayonet of the shovel is buried into the soil radially towards the center of the bush in order to damage as little roots as possible. From a half-dug bush, shoots with roots are separated with a tool, each of which will become an independent plant. Before planting, the cuttings are inspected and only healthy ones are used. The roots are trimmed and disinfected in a pink solution of potassium permanganate. It is quite easy to propagate your favorite variety by layering. There are several techniques. Here is the first one. Spud the bush with peat or humus up to the lower 2-3 pairs of leaves. Within a year or two, the lower nodes of the shoots are overgrown with their own roots. After removing the added substrate, the rooted shoots are cut off from the mother plant and planted. This method is good because the bush itself is not injured. The second method requires some free space.

At the end of summer or autumn, grooves 8-10 cm deep are dug around the bush in a radial direction. Clematis shoots with well-formed buds are removed from the support, laid out in the grooves one at a time, pressed to the ground with thick wire staples, and sprinkled with loose nutritious soil. The tip of the shoot (20 cm) is brought out. You can do the same with a vine rolled around the base of the bush and covered for the winter. In the spring, when the plant is freed from shelter, one or more of these lashes are placed in a groove. The cuttings are regularly watered and fed during the summer. Vertical shoots begin to grow from almost all buried buds, and rooting occurs at each node. It is best to separate rooted shoots from the bush in the fall of next year or in the spring the year after. By this time, each new shoot will have a good root system. From one sprinkled lash in a year or two you can get up to 10 seedlings that do not need growing, and the bush itself does not suffer. Another method of vegetative propagation is green cuttings.

Honeysuckle honeysuckle. Honeysuckle Honeysuckle.

Honeysuckle is a beautifully flowering perennial vine with a pleasant aroma. From Latin this word is translated as “goat leaf”. It is used to make gazebos, walls, porches more beautiful and cozy, to decorate perennial flower beds or to hide unsightly buildings. It has qualities for which many choose it: fast growth, abundant decorative foliage, elegant fruits and, of course, the extraordinary aroma of flowers. Now this vine cannot be called fashionable, it is rather traditional, and despite the clematis and climbing roses that have become a favorite of many in recent years, sooner or later it still finds its place in the garden. The location should be sunny, but can also tolerate partial shade. Although this liana came to us from more southern regions, it can easily tolerate our not too frosty winters and does not need shelter. Honeysuckle Honeysuckle needs fertile soil and sufficient moisture. This vine requires careful care, as left to its own devices it turns into a lump of intertwined vines. Honeysuckle attracts a large number of bees with its delightful aroma of flowers, so it should not be used when landscaping gazebos and outdoor recreation for small children. It requires careful and attentive care.

Acute actinidia - Actinidia arguta. Actinidia thickets. Actinidia.

This plant came to us from the Far East. There are over 30 species of actinidia in nature; they are most often found in tropical areas. In the North-Western zone, three species feel relatively well. Large liana, up to 15 meters long, dioecious and monoecious plants. Male specimens are more decorative. They don’t suffer much from winter frosts, but in the spring they wake up very early and put out leaves (usually the end of April). When frosts occur, these leaves can be shed, which leads to a partial loss of decorativeness. Distributed in the Primorsky Territory, Sakhalin, and Korea. The plant is dioecious. General recommendations for growing: rich garden soil, leaf humus, good moisture. Feels better on the western and eastern sides of the house. These vines climb along wires and thin supports. The plants attract the attention of cats, who nibble on the young shoots. You have to put a fence made of fine mesh (preferably metal) on the base of the bush, to a height of up to 1 meter. Varietal forms of actinidia, which were bred by I.V., are now rarely found in cultivation. Michurin. Varietal forms have larger fruits. In general, actinidia is a very ancient plant - it is a relict of the Tertiary period.

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Schisandra chinensis.

A woody climbing vine that in nature uses tree trunks or ledges of bare rocks for support. It can grow up to 15 m in height, but usually does not exceed 6-8 m. At the northern limit of its natural distribution, it completely spreads along the ground or has a bush-like form. Schisandra chinensis is naturally distributed in the Far East. Usually found in cedar-broad-leaved and other coniferous-deciduous mixed forests of the Amur region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, Southern Sakhalin and some islands of the Kuril ridge. It is cultivated in the European part of Russia. Outside Russia, it is often found in Japan, China and the Korean Peninsula. It grows well in the riverbed parts of rivers and streams, and on the northern and western borders of its range in floodplain forests. Under natural conditions, it usually reproduces by root suckers and by rooting sections of stems in contact with the soil. With sufficient light, the plant bears fruit profusely every two or three years. Young plants are shade-tolerant and seeds germinate successfully even under the dense crowns of coniferous trees. However, with age, the need for good lighting in Schisandra increases, and therefore tall and fruit-bearing plants are usually found on the edges, clearings and forest fires.

Common hop, or climbing hop Humulus lupulus L. Common hop.

Class Dicotyledons Dycotyledoneae, Hemp Family Cannabaceae, Genus Hops Humulus L. A medium-height perennial herbaceous climbing vine, 5-7 m long, in nature using branches of shrubs and tree trunks as support. Although its entire above-ground part dies off in the winter, it is nevertheless clearly visible and can be encountered when studying the flora. The stem is slightly faceted with several rows of very small and blunt spines, not visible to the eye, but clearly perceptible to the touch. Leaf scars are rounded and oppositely arranged with 1 leaf scar. There are no buds, but small stipules are often preserved. The plant is dioecious. Male flowers are collected in axillary paniculate inflorescences; female in capitate inflorescences Flowering in June-July. Distributed in the central and southern regions of the European part, in the Ciscaucasia and Western Siberia. It is widely cultivated and easily runs wild, as a result of which its natural range is not entirely clear. Grows in rich, moist or peaty soils of river and stream valleys, damp shady places and ravines. Found in willow and alder forests.

Prickly carp, or “mad cucumber” - Echinocystis. Thickets of Echinocystis. Fruits of Echinocystis.

Pumpkin family. This is a large genus, comprising about 15 species. It blooms with white small monoecious flowers. Single female and clustered male flowers are located in the same leaf axils. View for central Russia: e. lobed (E. lobata = E. echinata). Echinocystis, lobata E. lobata = E. echinata Homeland: North America; naturally distributed in the eastern regions of Canada and the USA. An annual plant brought to Europe from North America and experienced its rise in the 60s. Its unpretentiousness and abundant self-seeding brought it the fame of almost a weed. It covers an area of 8 m2 with continuous greenery. Single female flowers and fragrant creamy male flowers collected in racemes are located in the same axils of smooth, deep-lobed leaves. Flowering time: July August. It is a fast-growing vine with hedgehog-like fruits covered with sparse soft thorns; As they ripen, the fruits open in a peculiar way: the cap on the top of the fruit opens, and large black seeds scatter. During the fruiting period, Echinocystis is most decorative: a garland of leaves, tendrils, inflorescences and bluish-green fruits. Location: sunny, semi-shaded, shaded. Care: one or two weedings. Supports. Watering, fertilizing: usually rain is enough, but during drought, watering is necessary. Pests and diseases are rare. Reproduction: by seeds, which are best sown before winter every cm, two or three in a nest, and when three or four true leaves appear, one seedling is left.

Amur grape V. amurensis Rupr. Thickets of Amur grapes.

In nature, Amur grapes are distributed in the Far East of Russia (Primorsky Territory and the south of Khabarovsk) and in the northeastern provinces of China. It grows in cedar-broad-leaved forests, but is more often found in river and stream valleys, in clearings, forest edges, lower and middle slopes of mountains, and on islands of large rivers. It develops best in clearings and burnt areas, where it forms dense, impenetrable thickets in places. In forests, Amur grape vines, in search of light, climb to the tops of trees and entwine them or creep along bushes, grasses, stumps and stones. In culture since the 50s of the 19th century. Powerful deciduous vine, reaching m in length; entwining the trunks of tall trees and spreading from one to another, it gives forests and parks a unique tropical look. The bark is dark brown, peeling off in longitudinal strips. Young shoots are green or reddish. The antennae are long, forked, intermittent. The leaves are dark green, entire or 3-5-lobed, wrinkled, with a matte surface, up to 22 cm. In autumn, the leaves are carmine-red, violet-carmine, brown-chestnut and transitional tones. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, yellowish, with a subtle pleasant aroma, collected in brushes of various shapes and sizes. Flowering lasts up to 20 days. The berries are thick-skinned, round, black, often with a bluish bloom, up to 1.2 cm in diameter, in loose cylindrical clusters, edible, with a taste ranging from sour to sweet.

The clusters can be large, comparable in number of berries (but, of course, not in weight) with bunches of cultivated grapes. In exceptional cases, the length of the bunches reaches 25 cm, and the mass is g (usually g). It grows quickly, shoots grow 2.5 m in a year. It is light-loving, smoke- and gas-resistant, and can be used for landscaping industrial enterprises. The winter hardiness of the vine is very high. There are observations that Amur grapes are able to tolerate a decrease in air temperature down to -45°C, and in the root layer of the soil - down to -16°C (like seed rootstocks of an apple tree). In addition, the plant is not afraid of the accumulation of large amounts of snow on the vines. Location: the plant prefers loose and acidic soils. It suffers greatly from excess lime. It responds positively to the addition of strongly acidic high-moor peat to the soil. Amur grapes are moisture-loving; they need about 700 mm of precipitation per year. In central Russia, the amount of precipitation is usually less, so the plant requires watering. To obtain healthy berries, it is better to plant the plant in a well-lit place, since shading may cause the berries to be damaged by grape powdery mildew (mildew).

Care: shaping is of great importance when growing grapes of any type. A well-known expert on northern viticulture, F.I. Shatilov, advises growing Amur grapes in a high-standard formation with perennial shoulders extending from the standard and annually trimmed annual sleeves extending from the shoulders. But in any case, it is necessary to remove thickening shoots while they are still green. By the way, these shoots can be rooted. Reproduction: easily propagated by cuttings, layering, seeds. There is an opinion that cuttings of Amur grapes without growth substances root very poorly. But this observation apparently applies to lignified cuttings. Meanwhile, Amur grapes, unlike cultivated grapes, can be propagated by green cuttings (green cuttings of cultivated grapes take root well, but almost never survive wintering in open ground). Without treatment with growth stimulants, 30-40% of green cuttings root under a cover of non-woven material. But when using kornevin (a drug often found on sale, the active ingredient of which is indolyl - butyric acid), the rooting rate increases to 60-70%. Rooted green cuttings of Amur grapes winter well.

Tellmann's honeysuckle L. tellmanniana Spaech. Thälmann's honeysuckle.

A hybrid between honeysuckle and evergreen honeysuckle (L. tragophylla Hemsl. x L. sempervirens L.). A high-climbing vine with oblong, blunt leaves up to 10 cm long, bright green above, bluish below. The upper pair of leaves, under the inflorescence, are fused. Flowers up to 6 cm, two-lipped, orange-golden, collected in a terminal inflorescence head, usually consisting of two whorls. It blooms very impressively and profusely for 12 days. The fruits are yellow-orange. In GBS since 1965, 2 samples (7 copies) were obtained from living plants from culture; there are plants of vegetative reproduction of GBS. Biennial plants from cuttings have a shoot length of up to 2.1 m, but on average the length of the shoots does not exceed 0.7-1.3 m. The growing season is from mid-April to mid-October, until the onset of autumn frosts. Grows quickly. Blooms in June, not every year. The fruits sometimes set, but the seeds do not ripen. Winter hardiness is average (overwinters under cover). 97% of summer cuttings take root. Valued for its abundant flowering and dense foliage. Used for vertical gardening on high supports. It is quite demanding on soil fertility and moisture. Light-loving, but can bloom profusely in partial shade. In severe winters it can be severely damaged by frost. To avoid this, the vines should be removed from the supports and covered with lutrasil and spruce branches.

Honeysuckle L. prolifera (Kirchn.) Rehder. Honeysuckle sucker..

The homeland of honeysuckle is North America. In the undergrowth of mixed and deciduous forests, in thickets of bushes. In our country it is widespread from St. Petersburg to the Caucasus, where it is used in vertical gardening. This is a very powerful vine with strong and thick shoots that firmly fix the plant on a wooden, metal or rope support. The leaves of honeysuckle are very beautiful, large, up to 9 cm long and 5.5 cm wide. They are bright or intensely green above, and bluish below, with a short soft droop. The upper two pairs of leaves grow together into thick, flat discs, bordered along the edge, with a thick bluish coating on top. Flowering begins at 4 years of age in late June early May. The inflorescences are tiered, like most climbing honeysuckles, quite numerous, bright yellow, not fragrant. The flowers are somewhat smaller than honeysuckle, up to 3 cm long. This honeysuckle is remembered more for its fruits. They are reddish-orange in color, collected in large heavy fruits, and ripen in September. The foliage color turns yellow at this time. Branches with fruits are suitable for an autumn bouquet. Flowering begins in mid-June and lasts almost until the second decade of July. Sprouting honeysuckle rises to a height of 3-4 m, delicately decorates the wall of the house and gazebo. It is only necessary to guide the shoots along the supports, otherwise they can entwine and destroy shrubs or flowers growing nearby. The vine is propagated by seeds, which give good germination, or by summer cuttings.

Petiole hydrangea - Hydrangea petiolaris. Petiolate hydrangea flowers. Shoots of petiole hydrangea.

A tall liana, reaching 25 meters in its homeland (South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands). The shoots have aerial roots. The leaves are dark green, shiny, broadly elliptical, 5-10 cm long, on long (up to 8 cm) petioles, sharply toothed along the edge, elongated-pointed at the apex. The flowers are white or pale lilac, collected in corymbose inflorescences up to 25 cm in diameter. The sterile marginal flowers are large, up to 3 cm in diameter, fruiting in the center of the inflorescence are small and inconspicuous. Honey plant. Resistant to air pollution. Also used as a ground cover plant. It is still rare in culture in Russia. Prefers moist soils. A liana-like shrub with a mass of aerial roots and suckers, with the help of which it attaches to the bark of trees and climbs to a height of up to 25 m. In the absence of support, it spreads along the ground. The leaves are broadly ovate, long-petiolate, with a heart-shaped or pointed base, smooth, dark green, shiny, up to 8 cm long. White-pink flowers are collected in corymbose, loose inflorescences up to 20 cm in diameter. Fruiting flowers with petals fused at the top, sterile, numerous, up to 3 cm in diameter. The flowers are honey-bearing. Young seedlings grow very slowly in the first years; it’s hard to believe what a giant hydrangea can become over time. Demanding on soil fertility, prefers moist loams. Tolerates partial shade, but blooms profusely only in open areas. Can be propagated by cuttings and layering.

List of sources used: 1. Bogolyubov A.S., Vasyukova O.V., Zhdanova O.V., Kravchenko M.V., Lazareva N.S.: Key to woody plants of central Russia in the spring-summer period. - Moscow , “Ecosystem”, Bulygin N.E. Dendrology: Textbook for universities. - M.: Agropromizdat 3. E. Zhadko “Monstera and other vines”, series “World of Flowers and Plants”, Rostov n/a: “Phoenix”, 2001 “The Amazing World of Plants”. Wonders and secrets of the plant world, encyclopedia of plants, indoor plants, plants in the garden and vegetable garden, your own agronomist

Thank you for your attention!

Hydrangea petiolate

Petiolate hydrangea (or climbing hydrangea) can be grown both as a vertically creeping vine and as a ground cover plant. In the first case, careful sanitary and formative pruning of the bush is carried out every spring: all diseased, damaged, frozen shoots, as well as partially lateral shoots, are removed in order to stimulate branching. The second type of hydrangea does not require pruning.

This vine can survive winters when the temperature drops to –28°C, but in the middle zone it is advisable to carefully remove it from its support and cover it. Blooms only in well-lit areas.