Maple on a trunk (41 photos): “flamingo” and “golden globe” in landscape design, other varieties. how to grow (graft and form) a maple tree on a trunk?

Recently, standard trees planted in symmetrical compositions or in a zigzag pattern have become more and more popular in landscape design.

What is the essence of a plant of this form? How to make a standard tree with your own hands? What planting materials should I use? What are the secrets for growing and caring for them? Let's find out.

Description of the species

A standard tree is a plant with a long trunk, the top of which is decorated with a fluffy spherical crown or falling foliage. Such plantings look original and impressive.

Standard trees differ from each other in size and height. Typically their length varies from one hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty centimeters.

In addition to an attractive aesthetic appearance, they have other advantages and disadvantages:

save space;
facilitate harvesting;
promote comfortable service.

Which maple to plant on the plot

Several dozen species and varieties of maples are used in landscaping areas. To make a spectacular hedge, you can plant a low-growing maple tree on your site. In small areas, in rock gardens, mini-gardens, trees about 3 m high are planted. If the area is large enough, the owner chooses large trees with a height of 10 m or more.

The most popular types of maples:

Large sizes:

Far Eastern
Manchurian
small-leaved
Holly or Sycamore
Silver
Sugar

Shrubs or low growing trees:

Bearded – up to 5 m
Ginnala or Prirechny – up to 5 m
Tatar – up to 7 m
Ash-leaved – up to 7 m
False Bolds – up to 8 m

Maples for the Japanese garden are low-growing, tiered, with an asymmetrical crown and horizontal branching of shoots:

Fan or Palm-shaped
Three-flowered

Snakebark species:

Greenbark

Breeders divided almost every species into several varieties, differing in the color of foliage, shoots and bark, crown shape, and trunk height. After consulting with a landscape studio specialist, you can select and plant a maple tree in your dacha that will optimally suit it in size and shape.

Basic forms

How to grow a standard tree in your garden? This is not difficult to do. The main thing is to decide on the choice of form.

According to the appearance of the crown, standard plants are divided into:

Weeping trees include willow, rowan, elm, some types of apple trees, as well as creeping shrubs: climbing rose, juniper, cotoneaster.

In most cases, these plants are grafted artificially so that their branches fall down. This can occur vertically, in an arc, at an acute angle or umbrella.

The spherical forms include maples, acacias, larches, thujas and others.

There are several ways to form a standard tree - by grafting and by pruning. Let's talk about these two methods in more detail.

In the meantime, let's learn the general rules for planting a suitable seedling.

Before landing

Above, we determined which specific types of plants are best suited for standard trees and shrubs. Now let's find out how to choose the right seedling.

First and most importantly, the plant trunk must be straight and even. Remember: if knots and bends are found on the planting material, then during the growth process they will not go anywhere, which means the tree will lose its originality and attractiveness.

Moreover, when choosing seedlings, you need to pay attention to the healthy appearance of the bark and root system.

And one more thing - immediately after planting, the young tree needs support. Secure its trunk together with a wooden peg placed next to it.

Red maple

Red maple (Acer rubrum) is a tree that grows up to 15 - 20 m in height, with a massive, spreading crown. Even before the leaves appear, in March-April, whitish-red flowers bloom on the plant; flowering lasts 2 weeks. Then large three- to five-lobed leaves with a red tint appear on the tree, which gradually turn green by summer. In autumn, the top of the leaf blade is orange-red, and the bottom is pinkish-silver.

Growing conditions: red maple loves the sun, but is quite shade-tolerant. Wind, dust, smoke and gas resistant, can be grown in urban environments. It grows best on moist, sandy, sandy or loamy soils with a slightly acidic reaction and a high humus content. It is winter-hardy, tolerates waterlogging of the soil, but does not like alkalization and over-compaction.

Picturesque both in a group and as a tapeworm. In large areas, alleys are created from red maple.

Pay attention to these varieties:

Columnare has a narrow pyramidal crown, its height is 15 - 18 m. In autumn, the leaves turn red-orange.

Method one: pruning

This method involves the gradual formation of a standard tree by trimming side shoots and branches. Although this process may take a long time, the final result will be simply amazing and will exceed all your expectations.

The first thing you will need to do is monitor the growth of side shoots, removing them in a timely manner. As soon as the planted tree reaches the required height (usually about one and a half to two meters), its top should be cut off. From this point on, the crown will need to be pinched using young shoots.

This procedure is labor-intensive and painstaking, since it is recommended to wait one month between each pinching. In addition, new ones will need to be added to the already pinched shoots.

However, do not be afraid of difficulties. The result is worth it.

How can you grow a standard tree with your own hands using grafting? This will be discussed below.

Method two: vaccination

The grafting (or transplantation) method is much more complicated than the pruning method, but the results of the manipulations will be visible within a few months. What is needed for this?

First of all, you need to take two seedlings, one of which will serve as a rootstock (or standard), and the second will act as a scion (from which the crown will be formed).

It is better to harvest scions in the fall. To do this, young shoots (one centimeter thick and up to half a meter long) are cut from the fruit tree, packaged in plastic film, wrapped in coniferous branches and buried. Such actions will help the cutting retain the necessary energy for establishment in a new place and subsequent development.

It is best to plant two identical crops. Sometimes related plants are used for this (for example, pear and rowan), due to which the trees begin to bear fruit faster.

Norway maple, or platanolea

Norway maple, or platanolea (Acer platanoides) is the most popular and recognizable type of maple; it was brought to Russia by Peter I. At first it was grown in the Summer Garden under careful care, since it was believed that it was not winter-hardy enough. Subsequently, it spread throughout the European part of the country, and currently the Norway maple shoots are disposed of as a weed.

This is a large massive tree growing up to 30 m in height with a dense crown. The leaves are five-lobed, up to 18 cm long. Their autumn color depends on how warm or cold, rainy or dry the past summer was. Color varies from yellow to orange, and can sometimes be purple. Very decorative are the small yellow flowers that appear on the plant in April-May, even before the leaves bloom. They pair beautifully with the black bark of the tree.

Growing conditions: Grows in any light. Wind, dust, smoke and gas resistant, suitable for living in the city. It grows best on moist, fertile loams with a high humus content and a slightly acidic or neutral reaction environment. Does not tolerate excessive moisture, acidity, overcompaction and high salinity of the soil. It is quite winter-hardy, but decorative forms can freeze and suffer from frost damage to the trunk. Norway maple tolerates pruning easily. Even mature trees (up to 10-15 years) can tolerate replanting.

Used in group and solo plantings. Compositions consisting of varieties with permanent purple leaf color and varieties that change their color from green to red and vice versa look interesting.

Pay attention to the following varieties:

Globosum is a tree 4–7 m in height with a round or spherical crown, usually cultivated on a trunk. This is one of the most popular varieties.

The main points of grafting

What rules must be followed in order to grow a beautiful standard tree that is pleasing to the eye and harmoniously fits into the design? Here's a quick step-by-step guide:

Grow the base (or standard). The young seedling is tied to a support and allowed to develop to a certain height.
Take a healthy cutting with two to four living buds.
Make an oblique cut above the upper bud of the cutting (scion), and in the lower part, using two cuts, create something like a wedge.
Using a pointed section (wedge), carefully insert the scion into the trunk so as not to damage the latter.
Treat the junction area with garden varnish and tie it with a plastic bandage or electrical tape, which can be replaced with new ones over time, and after a year completely removed.
After a month, the cutting should take root and new buds will appear on it. Freshly baked shoots will soon form, and as soon as they grow twenty centimeters, they will need to be pinched properly.

Manipulations with vaccinations should be carried out in the spring, in dry sunny weather, so as not to introduce bacteria, fungi or infections into the junction.

It is recommended to regularly feed grafted trees with nitrogen fertilizers (preferably twice a summer), and also treat them against diseases and pests for preventive purposes.

What to do if the grafted shoot does not take root? It’s okay, you can try again soon, but it is recommended to do this a year after the unsuccessful vaccination.

Recently, gardeners have begun to use not only standard trees, but also shrubs. What does this actually look like?

Growing standard shrubs

Forming a trunk from bush plants is very popular. This makes it easier to care for garden crops and also facilitates convenient harvesting.

A standard shrub, like a tree, can be formed in two ways - by grafting or pruning. However, it should be remembered that such extraordinary bushes need constant support, since even ordinary gusts of wind can break thin long branches. Therefore, it is recommended to tie each shoot to a wooden or metal peg.

Raspberry bush in the form of a trunk

The standard raspberry tree, unlike its other relatives, does not need support. Under the weight of a sweet harvest, its branches may bend, but not break. Such a plant can reach two meters in height, but still it cannot be called a full-fledged tree. Standard raspberry is a shrub artificially grown in the form of a tree.

How can this be done?

At the initial stage, all fruiting branches should be removed, and the upper part of the young shoot should be pinched.

If you don’t want to bother with the formation of a raspberry bush, then you can purchase an already grafted standard tree, but this must be done not in the market, but in nurseries, gardening stores, or from hand - when you see the mother bushes from which they will cut you a cutting.

How to care for standard raspberries?

Features of circumcision

Pruning of fruit crops occurs in the fall, when all the possible harvest for that year has been harvested. The basic rule for this procedure is to reduce the possibility of harm to the fruit tree.

Improper pruning can lead to:

to a decrease in fruiting;
to improper crown formation.

In order for crop pruning to be beneficial, you should:

pruning should be carried out only after the onset of frost, which reduces the likelihood of injury;
adjust the number of shoots, but do not remove everything;
remove all dried and diseased branches, providing the way for new and healthy shoots to grow next season;
Before carrying out the procedure, familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of pruning on a particular crop.

The time when the movement of sap along the trunk and branches of the plant ends is considered optimal for pruning fruit crops. When holding an event in the summer, you can doom it to illness, thereby reducing its fruiting rate for more than one season.

The timing of pruning fruit trees differs depending on the region of the country. For example, in the southern regions of the country they can be pruned in the fall, but in the northern regions such an event is not recommended. This is explained by the fact that the crop bark may freeze out in winter at the cutting site. A young tree up to two years of age may die completely after autumn pruning.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=I7S4lI7wNtc

All cut branches are not recommended for use as tinctures and decoctions for ingestion by the human body; it is better to burn them and use the ash as fertilizer.

Planting a “raspberry tree”

First of all, raspberries should be planted correctly. To do this, use well-fertilized soil. Choose a place that is not humid, slightly shaded, without drafts and groundwater.

Shrubs are planted close to each other, preferably a meter from the fence, on its southern side.

It is not recommended to place this berry plant among fruit-bearing trees or next to garden crops such as tomatoes and potatoes.

The method of planting standard raspberries is very unusual. Here is the approximate operating principle:

Dig a deep trench, at the bottom of which place humus, peat, compost, ash and other mineral fertilizers.
Cover the fertilizer with soil.
Prepare a hole for each shoot: form cells with a diameter of 40 by 15 cm at a distance of one meter and line them with slate.
Trim raspberry seedlings to a height of forty centimeters and plant them in cells. The root system should be deepened by four centimeters.
Every two to three days, the bushes must be watered with water using liquid fertilizers.

Standard raspberries are an unusually tasty large berry. With proper, good care, its yield per season can reach two kilograms per bush.

Reproduction methods

Propagating a plant is not so difficult on your own.

mainly 2 methods of maple propagation :

Seeds. But when planting by seed, the seed necessarily requires preliminary starting. This procedure can be carried out under artificial conditions if the seeds are placed in the refrigerator. There they should lie for at least a quarter, the temperature in the refrigerator should be from 0 to +4 degrees. But this can also be organized in natural conditions. To do this, in the autumn, you need to collect ready-made impellers from the bush, which are then broken off. Each half contains a seed. This seed is not placed too deep into the soil - 3-5 cm, after which sprouts appear after some time. It is recommended to cover young shoots for the winter, and with the arrival of spring days they will begin to develop further, and the most powerful, strongest ones can be selected and planted around the site
For industrial propagation, cuttings and grafting onto ready-made root systems are used.

When planning the cultivation of maple, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it likes to grow in well-lit areas, it is quite demanding on the composition of the soil : it prefers rich soil mixtures with a good nutrient medium, it does not tolerate sandy and rocky soils, or too dense soils very well.

The tree needs careful and regular moistening . But watering should be moderate so that moisture does not stagnate in the soil. You also need a good drainage layer. Expanded clay, crushed stone or broken brick are suitable for this.

Advantages of standard trees

As you can see, a standard tree is not just a decorative element of landscape design. This is a very convenient crop to grow and care for, which you can form with your own hands without using expensive or hard-to-find means and methods.

You just need to put in a little effort and skill, and then your standard tree will definitely delight you with its spectacular appearance, unusual design and large, tasty fruits.

Formation of standard maples

In my garden I accidentally found 2 standard maples <109578>, <109579>, apparently grafted onto Norway maple. I want to make ordinary non-varietal maple trees out of them, because maple is good on its own. Is it possible to cut off all these apical balls in the spring so that they begin to bush from below and degenerate into ordinary maple trees. Will such drastic pruning kill them? I want to cut at least 1.5-2 meters.

cnn

Moscow

30.09.2009