The tulip plant (Latin Tulipa) belongs to the Liliaceae (Latin Liliaceae), is one of the most popular ornamental plants and is found in almost every garden and greenhouse.
The tulip originated from distant Asia, and acquired its name from the word “turban”, because in appearance it is very similar to it.
The creation of the black tulip was a triumph for breeders. In the 17th Art. A dark purple tulip of the Haarlem variety was bred, and it was highlighted in the art of that time.
The completely black tulip was created in the winter of 1986 by Danish breeder Gert Hageman and was discussed at a meeting at the Netherlands Institute of Floristics. Four hundred thousand dollars and three whole centuries were spent on research.
Tulip - morphological features
This flower belongs to the perennial bulbous genus. The tulip grows in length from 15-20 to 50-95 cm.
Root: represented by adventitious roots that arise from the bottom of the bulb. Before the first flowering, each bulb contains shoots (stolons) that grow either sideways or vertically downwards, and there is also a daughter bulb at the bottom.
Cutting: There are 3 forms, such as a side shoot (stolon), bottom and main generative shoot. Straight, cylindrical stem 20-80 cm in height.
Leaf: has arcuate veining, lanceolate, green or gray-green in color. The leaves wrap around the stem and are arranged alternately from each other.
A fully developed plant has from 2 to 4-5 leaves at the bottom of the stem, while young plants have only one, which develops before the growing season.
Flower: most often one, but there are other varieties that have more than 2 flowers. Yellow, red and white tulips are common tulips.
The color range of varietal (pedigreed) tulips is lavender, purple, pink, and also a mixture of two or more colors. Depending on the variety, there are lily, goblet, star-shaped, fringed, and terry forms. Size – varies from 5 to 11 cm.
Fruit: green triangular capsule with flat seeds.
You can learn more about the structure of the plant by looking at the photo description of tulips.
Classification of bulbous flowers
The classes (there are 15 of them) unite the following varieties of tulips:
- the first - simple early ones;
- the second - early terry;
- third - Triumph;
- fourth - Darwin hybrids;
- fifth - simple late;
- sixth - Liliaceae;
- seventh - fringed;
- eighth – green-colored;
- ninth - Rembrandt;
- tenth - parrots;
- eleventh - terry;
- twelfth - Kaufman;
- thirteenth - Foster;
- fourteenth - Greig;
- fifteenth - other species and hybrids.
What are the different types of tulips according to their flowering time? Of all the varieties, early-flowering bulbous tulips include tulips of the first group - 1-2 classes, mid-flowering - the second group - 3-4 classes, late-flowering - the third group - 5-11 classes, all other varieties of 12-15 classes are combined into the fourth group of bulbous tulips and their hybrids.
Planting tulips in the ground and specifics of cultivation
In order for the seedling to grow and turn into a beautiful flower, proper care is necessary, and for this you need to familiarize yourself with certain agrotechnical rules for growing this representative of the Liliaceae:
- During the growing season (active growth) the tulips need to be fed at least 3 times.
- By looking at the appearance, you can understand what the plant requires: the leaves have become sluggish and narrowed, then it needs nitrogen. When blue spots appear along the edges of the leaves, it is necessary to enrich the soil with potassium and phosphorus.
- In early spring, old and diseased flowers are removed along with the bulb, and a hot solution of potassium permanganate is poured into the resulting hole.
- To ensure that the plant pleases you with large and lush flowers next year, cut off faded and crumbling flowers before the box forms.
- Do not fertilize with manure, as it contributes to the infection of tulip bulbs with fungus and their rapid rotting.
- When cutting the stems, save two leaves for proper nutrition of the bulb.
- In a flower bed chosen for tulips, they should not grow until 3 years.
Typically, bulbs are planted in September and given up to a month to take root. Those planted too late will have slow growth during the flowering period, produce small bulbs and their color will not be as elegant.
To know for sure that it is time to plant these wonderful flowers, dig a hole 10 cm deep and when the soil temperature reaches approximately +10 ºC, it means the time has come.
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When planting bulbs in the fall, you need to discard wounded and diseased bulbs before planting so that they do not infect healthy plants and soil. Keep the bulbs in a 5% solution of potassium permanganate for up to half an hour.
Then plant large bulbs at a depth of 10 cm, and small ones - 6 cm, lightly press them into the ground with your fingers, sprinkle them with soil and level them with a rake. Sprinkle leaves, hay or sawdust on top to prevent the bulbs from freezing in winter.
Candy Club
A chameleon tulip that changes the color of its petals as it blooms. Before opening the bottle is creamy, then pink stripes and dots appear, randomly located. Gradually the color becomes stronger, and by the end the entire inflorescence turns pink.
Representatives of this variety bloom on tall peduncles, which makes it possible to make beautiful bouquets from them, but they also look great in the garden, especially in group plantings.
Features of plant care
At the beginning of spring, when tulip sprouts begin to appear from the ground, gardeners are faced with the task of properly caring for tulips.
Firstly, to ensure the health of the plants, it is necessary to get rid of ungerminated and diseased flowers.
Secondly, one of the main requirements is to water the bulbs frequently, but do not overwater them, as the bulbs will begin to rot. To maintain soil moisture, it must be loosened periodically.
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Thirdly, an important condition for active growth is timely “feeding” of tulips. For the first time, they need to be revived in early spring, as soon as young stems begin to appear, dry phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium (2:2:1) are scattered on top of the soil in accordance with 50 g per 1 m².
The second time, the tulips are fed when the budding period occurs, only at this moment it is wiser to use a solution of the above-mentioned additives (nitrogen - 1 part, phosphorus and potassium - 2 parts).
And the last - third feeding, occurs when the tulips have bloomed, only for feeding I use phosphorus and potassium (1: 1) calculating up to 35 g per 1 m². For better growth of additional (daughter) bulbs, zinc and boron are added to the solution.
Estella Rivenzivald
Terry tulip, which is called parrot tulip. This is a very early variety, it blooms in April and remains decorative until May. Such long flowering cannot be seen even in very titled varieties. For the full potential to be realized, two conditions must be met. Firstly, there is a sufficient amount of sunlight on the site, otherwise the crimson shades will not be pronounced. Secondly, good hydration is necessary. This requirement is very rare among bulbous primroses, but in this case normal watering is very important, although stagnation of moisture is just as destructive as for other bulbous plants.
Photos of tulips
Paul Scherer
The black tulip is the result of the latest achievements of Dutch breeders. Of course, the buds of Paul Scherer tulips are a little purple, but nevertheless, this is the darkest variety in existence so far. “Gothic” buds are in perfect harmony with other plants and undoubtedly attract attention. They will look great in a flowerbed and last a long time in a bouquet.
| Purpose | Class | Stem height | Bloom |
| Triumph | 25-40 cm | April May | |
Sensual Touch
Fringed tulips, which include the Sensual Touch variety, are distinguished by elegant needle-like fringe at the tips of the petals. It is so small that it creates the illusion of frost on the lush yellow-orange buds. These tulips are suitable for decorating gardens and are suitable for cutting.
| Purpose | Class | Stem height | Bloom |
| Fringed | 45-50 cm | The end of May | |
