The tremulous petals of snow-white or multi-colored corollas tremble at the slightest breath of spring or autumn breeze, sway on thin peduncles above a carpet of carved foliage - this is how anemones bloom.
Growing and caring for them in open ground is simple; only the methods of reproduction are distinctive: different species of the genus Anemone from the Ranunculaceae family have different root system structures.
“Anemos” translated from Greek means wind, so the name of the flower is often understood as “daughter of the wind.”
In botanical literature, the plant is also found under the name anemone, and in popular language, individual natural species are called freckle, curosblind, anemone, canapelle, white dream, susanka, dream of the Virgin and many other poetic names.
The anemone's natural habitat is the entire Northern Hemisphere, with the exception of the tropical zone.
The ubiquitous anemones have even penetrated into the Arctic, populating the coasts of the northern waters of Russia, Canada, Norway, Alaska and the adjacent islands.
Appearance
Anemones are herbaceous perennials, rhizomatous or tuberous, with vertical branches from 30 cm to 80 cm in height.
The basal leaves are twice trifoliate or pinnately dissected on elongated petioles, collected in a rosette; the stem leaves are few in number.
Flowers with a circumference of 3-8 cm are single or less often grouped into a semi-umbrella inflorescence.
The colors of the petals are different - from white to soft pink, lilac, blue and scarlet. Many double and semi-double forms and varieties have been developed.
The fruits look like miniature nuts, naked in some species and pubescent in others, often adapted to be distributed by the wind, and occasionally by animals.
Most anemones are winter-hardy, tolerate cold well and practically do not freeze.
They are popular in landscape design, used for planting in rock gardens, mixborders, borders, and for decorating parks and home gardens.
Reproduction
Among the species diversity of anemones, spring-, summer- and autumn-flowering plants are distinguished according to their flowering periods.
Most anemones that bloom at the beginning of autumn have powerful, fleshy rhizomes.
Many spring anemones are ephemeral plants with a short growing season and a bulbous root system, although there are also rhizomatous perennials.
Summer anemones mainly originate from the North American continent and are still rare in the gardens of domestic gardeners.
The structure of the root system determines the methods of reproduction - tuberous or division of the rhizome. It is also common to obtain new plants by sowing from seeds.
Tuberous propagation
Growing anemones from bulbs is not difficult, the main thing is to purchase high-quality planting material.
Often the tubers are stored by suppliers for a long time, sometimes up to a year, they do not lose their viability, but acquire a wrinkled appearance, as if hopelessly dried out.
Before planting the nodules in the ground, it is necessary to prepare them and “wake them up” - saturate them with moisture.
Immersion in water or a solution of a root-forming stimulant often has the opposite effect - fragile roots rot, so it is not advisable to leave them in a container with water for more than 2 hours.
Experienced flower growers advise wrapping the corms in damp cloth napkins and placing them in sawdust, pre-moistened but not wet, for 6 hours.
After this, the tubers are placed in containers with a moist soil mixture of sand and soil for germination.
After 10-12 days, growth points appear on them and roots break through, it becomes clear which side to bury the bulb in the ground.
In a shrunken state, it is not always possible to make out where the top is and where the bottom is. Prepared planting material is planted in the soil or in containers.
Propagation by seeds
Growing anemones from seeds is not as popular among gardeners as vegetative propagation.
Although many natural species germinate as a result of self-sowing, fiddling with the seeds is much more troublesome and time-consuming.
In addition, their germination rate is low; from the total quantity sown, no more than a quarter of the seedlings are obtained, frail and suffering from “black leg”.
Seedlings do not always retain the characteristics of the mother plant, the flowers are paler in color, and in some double varieties the first flowering appears without the expected multi-petal corollas.
It makes sense to propagate by seeds those species and varieties that are adapted to this method, for example, multi-dissected anemone, oak anemone, crowned anemone, forest anemone, tender anemone, buttercup anemone and their forms.
For sowing, freshly harvested seeds are used, which are buried into the prepared soil no more than 2-3 cm.
If planting material is to be stored until spring, it must be stratified in cold and wet conditions.
Seeds planted in the ground in the fall will sprout only with the arrival of spring warmth. Seedlings sown in April will emerge from the ground in 25-30 days.
Propagation by rhizomes
Rhizomatous anemones can be propagated in both spring and autumn.
During transplantation, the rhizome is divided into several parts, the sections are sprinkled with crushed charcoal to prevent the penetration of fungal and other infections, and they are planted in separate holes as independent specimens.
Moisturize moderately, do not allow overwatering - the plant has roots that are vulnerable to rotting.
Anemone can be propagated by rhizomes without replanting.
It is enough to slightly dig up the bush with a shovel and cut off a fragment of the root with several buds (at least 2-3), then proceed with the rhizome cutting in the same way as when dividing the rhizome.
Description
Anemones are a whole genus of perennial herbaceous plants, better known as anemones. The plant belongs to the Buttercup family and includes about 160 varieties .
The name anemone literally translates from Greek as “daughter of the wind”; most likely, this name is associated with the peculiarity of anemones to tremble even from the slightest movement of air.
Different representatives of the genus bloom at different times , which seriously misleads even experienced gardeners. The tones of the anemone petals vary; The most common options for corollas are blue shades, white, red, pink, purple.
The structure of the buds is also different: there are perennials with simple and double flowers. Terry anemone is an incredibly attractive plant.
Based on the structure of the root system, anemones are divided into two large groups:
- tuberous;
- rhizomatous.
If the first group is characterized by small sizes and rather early flowering, then the second is distinguished by late flowering and larger sizes.
You can find anemone almost all over the world in temperate latitudes. About 50 plant varieties are found in Russia and Europe .
Attention! Many types of anemones are poisonous, which must be taken into account when planting them on a personal plot.
Optimal time for planting anemones
Flower growers often argue when it is better to plant anemone - in spring or autumn.
Corm species are planted in the spring, at the same time as dahlias and gladioli, and rhizomatous species are replanted in the spring, summer after flowering, and in the fall.
Planting in spring
Spring plantings are much stronger and they meet the winter cold well rooted and strong.
In the spring, seeds of any type are sown and tubers are planted.
Seeds are sown in rows to a depth of 2-5 cm, row spacing is approximately 20 cm.
If the soil is wet, do not water the soil in the rows. Dry soil needs moisture.
Tubers are planted in well-warmed soil after germination, around April-May, depending on the climate.
Holes with a circumference of 25-30 cm are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.
A little wet sand is poured onto the bottom, creating a kind of pillow.
The plantings are not watered for the next few days; then they rely on precipitation: if there is enough of it, there is no need for watering.
Until the shoots appear, keep an eye on the weeds; if they appear, remove them manually.
Early flowering anemones are replanted after flowering in early summer, although division of rhizomes is possible even before the growing season.
The holes are dug in proportion to the size of the root fragments and placed at a distance of 10 - 15 cm. It is advisable to bury the growth points of rhizomes into the ground no more than 3-5 cm.
Planting in autumn
In early September, rhizomatous spring-flowering anemones, as well as summer-blooming species, are propagated and replanted.
Anemones, whose flowering lasts until late cold weather, are risky to replant in the fall - the plant may not have time to take root properly and will die in the winter.
If there is a need for late replanting of anemones, they are well covered for the winter with fallen leaves, coniferous branches or pine needles.
In the fall, freshly harvested seeds are also sown, which under natural conditions will undergo stratification and sprout in the spring. Autumn crops have a high germination rate.
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Low stems 6-25 cm long extend from long branching thin rhizomes. The basal leaves on the petioles are round in outline, three-dissected to the base. Their lobes are broadly rhombic, with touching edges, without petioles. The leaves are elliptical and tapered. 1-2 peduncles with single white flowers 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter extend from the spathe. There are five tepals, they are almost round. This anemone blooms at the end of April and does not set seeds. Blue anemone
— A. caerulea
DC.
Oak anemone - Anemone nemorosa L.
Homeland - forest zone of the European part of Russia, Western Europe, Mediterranean. It grows in broad-leaved forests (oak, linden, beech), often in spruce-broad-leaved forests, as well as in spruce and birch forests, sometimes dominant in the grass stand. The presence of oak anemone in a spruce forest usually indicates the displacement of oak forests that were once there by spruce.
An elegant spring plant up to 25 cm tall. The rhizome is thickened, horizontal, cylindrical, it branches and grows quickly, ensuring the formation of dense thickets. Leaves are thrice dissected. Peduncles are solitary, bearing one flower at a time. The flowers are white with a beautiful purple tint on the outside of the petals, up to 2-6 cm in diameter, with 6-8 ovate petals. Oak anemone blooms profusely from late April to mid-May. Numerous seeds ripen in June and provide mass self-seeding the following spring. The leaves die off by early July.
Anemone reproduces by seeds and rhizomes. Seed productivity is quite high: up to 70% of fruits are set. The seeds are carried away by ants, sometimes carried by water. Field germination of seeds is low - 4-25%. In the Moscow region, seedlings appear in late April - early May; they have fleshy, colorless cotyledons and one small three-dissected leaf. Next spring, a large three-dissected leaf appears, somewhat larger than last year's.
Oak anemone blooms in nature in the 10-12th year, and in culture - in the 2-3rd year of life. It belongs to the early spring ephemeroids; it goes through the main phenological stages before the leaves of the trees fully unfold and create a dense shadow. The growing season, depending on habitat conditions, lasts 30–70 days. Individual flowers live 6-15 days. In the evening and in cold, cloudy weather, the flowers close and droop. The plant is pollinated by bees and thrips. Generative buds are formed a year before flowering. By autumn, all the main elements of the inflorescence are formed. In severe winters, the death of flower primordia is observed. Anemone is demanding of soil moisture and richness, avoids dry and poor soils, and does not tolerate stagnant moisture and poor aeration.
It has a number of garden forms with double and semi-double flowers of various colors: pink, blue, purple, red.
Varieties: Allenii - with masses of lavender flowers, Robisoniana - with pale lavender-blue flowers, Plena - with double white flowers. Vestal - flowers are slightly larger than those of the Plena form, and have double perianth.
Prefers shady places. It is worth sowing only freshly harvested seeds of this species, as they quickly lose their viability.
| Anemone nemorosa | Anemone nemorosa 'Vestal' | Anemone nemorosa 'Vestal' |
| Anemone nemorosa. Natural form. | Anemone nemorosa. Natural form. | Anemone nemorosa. Natural form. |
| Anemone nemorosa. Natural form. | Anemone nemorosa. Natural form. | Anemone nemorosa. Natural form. |
Anemone Leinzig or average
, or
Zeemann
- A. x lipsiensis = A. x intermedia = A. x seemannii
The species appeared as a result of natural hybridization of oak anemone (A. nemorosa) and buttercup (A. ranunculoides). Like its parent species, Leipzig anemone is miniature in size, prefers shady places and blooms in early spring. Its trifoliate, deeply dissected leaves, growing from a smooth brown rhizome, die off immediately after the flowers wither. Single flowers are light yellow in color and cylindrical in shape. The perianth with a diameter of 2 cm consists of 6-8 leaflets. This plant can be cultivated in ordinary fertile garden soil. Anemone ranunculoides L.
Distributed in the European part of Russia, Ciscaucasia, Southern Siberia, the Far East, Central Europe, the Mediterranean, Asia Minor. It grows in forests, mainly broad-leaved (beech, oak, hornbeam, linden), and also enters spruce-broad-leaved forests.
In Russia, it is most often found in the forest zone from Kaliningrad to the Urals.
In early spring, as soon as the snow melts, tender stems emerge through the fallen leaves. They arise from a creeping long, superficially located clear-shaped creeping rhizome. In appearance it is similar to the forest anemone, from which it differs in the golden color of the flowers up to 3 cm in diameter with five leaves. Plant height is no more than 30 cm. There are no basal leaves or one leaf, palmately dissected, on a long petiole. Peduncles solitary or 2-5. Blooms in April-May for 15-20 days. The fruit forms in July, the fruit is a leaflet.
Anemone buttercup reproduces by seeds and vegetatively, using rhizomes. Its flowers are pollinated by insects. Fruiting is annual, up to 70% of fruits are set. The fruits fall in late May - early June, seed ripening lasts 2.5 - 4 months. Some of the seeds germinate in the fall in the year of formation, some in the following spring (the seeds can remain viable for several years). Germination occurs underground. During the first 3-4 years of life, the appearance of seedlings changes little. Each year, one green leaf with a trifoliate blade is produced. The rhizome grows by 0.9-1.2 cm per year. Anemone blooms no earlier than 10 years of age, in cultivation - in the 2-3rd year. The total duration of its life cycle is at least 40-50 years.
The seasonal development of buttercup anemone proceeds similarly to other grasses of broad-leaved forests, early spring ephemeroids. The beginning of visible growth is noted while still under the snow. The unfolding of leaves and flowering begin immediately after the bulk of the snow melts and the soil thaws. Aboveground vegetation lasts from 3 to 7 weeks. Flowers appear almost simultaneously with the unfolding of leaves. Flowering lasts 1 - 2 weeks. The flowers open in sunny or fairly warm weather, and remain closed at night, during rain or frost. An individual flower blooms from 3 to 10 days. The growth of leaves and elongation of peduncles occurs both during flowering and after it until the end of the growing season. At the same time, rhizomes are growing. The death of the above-ground parts occurs 7-10 days after the fruits ripen and fall (in mid-June). Soon after this, rhizome growth stops. Buds with flowers are laid a year before flowering.
By the time of the autumn cold, next year's shoots in the buds are fully formed. In winters with very severe frosts, mass death of flower primordia was observed.
Based on its role in the life of the forest community, the anemone is classified as a seasonal dominant; in spring, in deciduous forests and secondary forests derived from them, it often dominates the grass stand. Anemone reacts sensitively to the composition of the herbaceous layer - it avoids thickets of hairy sedge and grasses, but grows well together with sedge and green grass. Prefers moist soils rich in mineral nitrogen, with a reaction close to neutral, and is little demanding of light.
Prefers shaded places. In culture since the 16th century. It has spectacular decorative forms with double flowers and bronze-green leaves. Permian anemone - Anemone biarmiensis Juz.
General distribution: found from the Polar to the Southern Urals. Mainly grows in the northern regions.
Herbaceous long-rhizome perennial. The height of the plant is 50-65 cm, the rhizome is brown, the leaves are trifoliate, deeply pinnately dissected, longer than the petioles, serrate along the edge, the leaf arrangement is whorled. The flowers are white, on long peduncles, collected in an umbellate inflorescence, the perianth is simple, consisting of 5 relatively large elliptical leaflets for this genus, there are many pistils and stamens. It blooms at the end of May, produces fruits in July, and the fruit is a leaflet. Reproduction is by seed and vegetative. Anemone - A. rivularis
This spectacular, rather tall plant (60-90 cm) has trilobed, deeply cut leaves with jagged edges. They are covered with sparse hairs. Ground leaves growing from the rhizome are much larger than those that cover the stem. The white tepals have a bluish tint on the outside. Among them, bunches of blue stamens stand out clearly. From 10 to 20 flowers are collected in small umbrellas and open in May-June. Anemone grows best in light partial shade, in fertile soil rich in leaf humus, not too dry.
Three-leaved anemone - A. trifolia
This anemone has light green trifoliate leaves, growing on long petioles, extending from the rhizome and covering the peduncle. In May-June, white flowers about 2 cm in diameter appear on it, the outer leaves of which have a pinkish tint. The central part of the corolla is filled with spectacular stamens with blue or white anthers. The shoots of this miniature plant, which prefers light partial shade and regular garden soil, do not exceed 20 cm.
Anemone udensis - Anemone udensis
In nature it grows along the edges and shaded forest slopes in the Far East.
This is a low, no higher than 10-20cm, plant with a thin creeping rhizome. The leaves are on long petioles, rather large, pubescent. They are three-dissected, broadly ovate, often whole-cut. Peduncles are solitary, thin, sinuous, bearing one white flower 2-3.5 cm in diameter. The tepals are broadly ovate, obtuse. This anemone blooms later than others, in the second half of May, for 18-20 days.
Ural anemone - Anemone uralensis Fisch. ex DC.
General distribution: Cis-Ural region, valleys of the Chusovaya, Ufa, Ai rivers and, probably, the region of Krasnoufimsk. Individual locations are noted along the banks of the Tagil and Tura rivers.
Herbaceous long-rhizome perennial. The height of the plant is 15-20 cm, the rhizome is pinkish-brown, the leaves are trifoliate, sessile, deeply pinnately dissected, serrate along the edge, leaf arrangement is whorled. The most characteristic feature of the Ural anemone is the color of its flowers. The flowers are pink-red or white with a pinkish tint, the perianth is simple from 5 slightly elliptical leaflets, there are many pistils and stamens. It blooms at the end of May and produces fruits in July. Reproduction is predominantly vegetative, less often by seed.
2. Anemones with tuberous rhizomes , solitary flowers. The leaf lifespan is short.
Apennine anemone - A. apennina Caucasian anemone - A. caucasica Crown anemone - A. coronaria Tender anemone - A. blanda Garden anemone - A. hortensis Sparkling anemone - A. fulgens
Anemones with tuberous rhizome
In Central Russia, anemones with tuberous rhizomes can also be successfully grown. The tuber of such anemones is round, its diameter is from 2 to 5 cm. These species come from the southern arid regions of the Mediterranean, therefore, in the conditions of Central Russia, it is better to grow them in sunny areas with loose, fertile, but sufficiently moist soils.
Anemone Apennine
— A. apennina
The plant's homeland is the humus-rich fertile areas of deciduous forests of Southern Europe.
This commonly grown plant has irregular nodules that are dark brown and resemble lumps of clay. A large beautiful flower consists of 8-14 narrow blue petals. Flowering occurs in early spring. In the garden, the plant should be provided with fertile soil rich in humus in partial shade, and the tubers should be buried to a depth of approximately 6 cm. The plant develops well in a grove in the shade of deciduous shrubs, where there is enough humus in the ground and where a lot of sunlight penetrates in the spring. To get dense plantings, it is better not to replant the tubers.
Spring anemone - A. eranthoides
A low-growing plant that blooms in March-April. From the red-brown buds appear creamy yellow flowers 1-3 cm in diameter, arranged in pairs on the stems. The tepals, of which there are up to 8, are yellow-green on the outside. This miniature plant, about 20 cm high, prefers humus-rich soil and indirect sunlight.
Caucasian anemone
— A. caucasica
Willd.
Grows in the alpine belt of the Caucasus
Very similar to the Apennine anemone. Plant 10-20 cm tall. The rhizome is tuberous, ovoid or almost round in shape, up to 1 cm in diameter. Root leaves on long petioles, tripartite. The leaves of the spathe are on short petioles, the peduncles are small and single. The flowers are blue, up to 3 cm in diameter, 8-10 leaflets, they are narrow. It blooms in April-May in Central Russia and does not bear fruit. Grows well in dry, open places. At the end of May - June, its leaves die off.
Tender anemone
- A. blanda
Schott et Kotschy
Homeland - Caucasus, Balkans, Asia Minor.
Plant up to 15 cm tall. The rhizome is tuberous, oblong, short-cylindrical, thick. Leaves on long petioles, thrice dissected. Peduncles solitary. The flowers are blue, up to 3.5 cm in diameter. Blooms in May for 20-25 days. In the middle zone it winters under light cover. Prefers loose, fertile soils and partial shade. Winter-hardy, but preventive shelter is required. Transplantation is desirable at the end of the growing season (beginning of summer).
'Blue Shades' - distinguished by blue flowers. 'Charmer' - this garden form is characterized by dark pink flowers. 'Pink Star' - lavender-pink flowers. 'Radar' is a pleasant garden form: purple-red flowers with a bright white center. 'Rosea' - This cultivated variation has cyclamen-red flowers. 'Violet Star' - The center of the flower of this garden form is white, and the color of the tepals is amethyst-violet. 'White Splendour' is the most popular white-flowered form. On the outside, the corolla has a soft pink tint.
Garden anemone
— A. hortensis
Flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, red, pink or whitish with purple stamens. An early spring flowering plant 15-30 cm high with openwork leaves and tuberous rhizomes. It has a clearly defined dormant period in summer. It has little winter resistance and requires strong insulation with a dry sheet for the winter. It is recommended to dig it up after the leaves die and store it in a dry substrate: until winter at 15-20 degrees, and then until spring at 3-5 degrees.
Sparkling anemone
— A. fulgens
A miniature anemone that grows naturally in meadows and olive groves in France and Spain. This is a natural hybrid of garden anemone (A. hortensis) and peacock anemone (A. pavonina).
Sparkling anemone - A. fulgens
A miniature anemone that grows naturally in meadows and olive groves in France and Spain. This is a natural hybrid of garden anemone (A. hortensis) and peacock anemone (A. pavonina).
Flowers up to 4 cm in diameter, bright red with black stamens. An early spring flowering plant 10-30 cm high with openwork leaves and tuberous rhizomes. The diameter of the bush is 8-10 cm. It has a clearly defined dormant period in summer. It has little winter resistance and requires strong insulation with a dry sheet for the winter. It is recommended to dig it up after the leaves die and store it in a dry substrate: until winter at 15-20 degrees, and then until spring at 3-5 degrees. This magnificent plant is not widely sold.
Cylindrical anemone - A. cylindrica
After flowering in July-August, this type of anemone develops beautiful silvery conical boxes, densely covered with hairs. This explains the species name. Plants reaching a height of 120 cm and having unassuming greenish-white flowers make an excellent addition to bouquets.
3. Anemones with a thickened, straight, short rhizome and an umbrella-shaped inflorescence. They vegetate all season.
Long-haired anemone - A. crinita Tufted anemone, or narcissiflora - A. fasciculata L. = A. narcissiflora
Anemones with a vertical rhizome
Of particular interest to flower growers are anemones, which are decoratively stable, retaining leaves from spring to autumn, forming beautifully shaped bushes. These include two species: Anemone crinita and Anemone narcissiflora = A.fasciculata. Both species are plants of mountain meadows, have a thickened vertical rhizome, and therefore grow in dense bushes. They are similar in their environmental features and appearance. The flowers are not single, but are collected in a simple umbrella. Long-haired anemone
— Anemone crinita
Juz.
It grows naturally in Siberia and Northern Mongolia.
It has a straight, short, thick rhizome covered with abundant roots. A powerful, erect, densely drooping stem 12-45 cm high emerges from it. The root leaves are on long petioles, covered with silky hairs. Their plate is round in outline, five-dissected, with wide lobes. The leaves of the spathe are large, similar to basal ones, and long-haired below. Peduncles emerge from the spathe in groups of 3-5; they are densely pubescent. The flowers are large, 2-4 cm in diameter, collected in terminal umbellate inflorescences. Tepals are elliptical white. Blooms in May - June for 25-30 days. It differs from Narcissiflora anemone in its greater pubescence and, accordingly, is more drought-resistant. Prefers a sunny location, but can tolerate light shade. Anemone fasciculata, or narcissus flower
— Anemone fasciculata
L. =
A. narcissiflora
L.
Anemone fasciculata
It grows wildly in the Caucasus on a limestone substrate, where in the summer it forms entire flowering fields. Found in Central and Southern Europe and the mountains of North America.
A perennial plant up to 30-60 cm tall with a thick vertical rhizome and a mass of fibrous roots. The leaves are palmately dissected. Above the rosette of beautiful light green pubescent palmately dissected leaves rise numerous peduncles, from 3 to 8, ending in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence of white or pinkish small flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter.
.Blooms in Moscow in late May - early June, blooms for a long time, up to 30 days, and profusely. In June, the seeds ripen, which, when sown before winter, form abundant shoots in the spring. But seedlings take a long time to develop and bloom only in the 4th-6th year. Propagated by dividing the bush in late summer or early spring and freshly collected seeds. Grows especially well in sunny places with loose, well-drained, neutral soils. The plant is cold-resistant and resilient. Looks great in mixborders. One of the best among wild species of these wonderful perennial plants. Although she is tall, she looks very impressive on the mountain lawn.
| Anemone fasciculata f. rubra | Flowers in buds are pink and turn pale as they bloom | Anemone narcissiflora (magenta form) |
4. Anemones with a powerful root system capable of forming root suckers
. They vegetate all season.
Fork anemone - Anemone dichotoma Canadian anemone - Anemone canadensis Forest anemone - Anemone sylvestris
of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands are described separately
(A. flaccida
Fr. Schmidt
,
A. raddeana
RgL ,
A significant number of anemone species grow in the Far East (17), followed by Siberia and Central Asia in terms of the number of species. There are 6 species on Sakhalin, 5 on the Kuril Islands, and 4 common species. All anemones are decorative. Fisch blooms first
.
(Sakhalin, Kuriles) - a miniature plant with a very small flower (1.4 cm in diameter). A. dichotoma L.
.
(Sakhalin, Kuril Islands) with flowers 2-2.7 cm in diameter.
A.
sibirica L. (Kuril Islands). The most decorative anemones include: A.
flaccida
Fr. Schmidt
, A. raddeana
RgL
, A. villosissima (DC.)
Juz
.
Flexible anemone - Anemone flaccida Fr.
Schmidt Habitat of the East Asian continental-island type: Russia (Sakhalin and Moneron, Kuril Islands - Kunashir23), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Northern China. It is a typical representative of the Sakhalin-Japanese group of species (Tolmachev, 1954). Grows in forests, at the foot and on the slopes of sea terraces, along streams. Often found in willow-alder valley forests and in clearings of dark coniferous, mixed, stone birch mountain forests. The composition of herbaceous sublayers, both in the forest and in mixed-grass coastal meadows, always includes elements of tall grass. In the valleys it grows on alluvial-layered and humus-gley soils, in the mountains - on brown forest and sod-humus soils. Mesophyte.
A low perennial ephemeroid plant 20-30 cm in height (peduncles continue to grow from the beginning to the end of flowering). There are 2-3 peduncles, each peduncle has 2-3 flowers. The perianth consists of 5-6 (9) “petals”, the diameter of the flower is 2-3 (up to 4.3) cm. Each subsequent flower has a smaller number of petals. At the base of the stem there are 1-2 (3-4) basal three-dissected leaves on long petioles; under the flower there is a wrapper of leaves. The rhizome is creeping, fragile, dark brown, cylindrical in shape, thin (1.5 mm) adventitious roots spread only in the uppermost layers of the soil.
Anemone, flexible in terms of flowering time, replaces Radde's anemone. It blooms in early May, mass flowering begins in mid-May. It blooms for about a month. Forms very picturesque clumps. It is beautiful from the moment it begins to bloom for a long period, since its flowers do not lose their decorative effect even when the seeds are fully ripened. The dense green clumps are beautiful even after flowering. Flowering ends at the beginning of the closure of the tall grass, of which it is often a companion. The seeds ripen in June. Fruits abundantly. When sowing with freshly harvested seeds, seedlings are observed in June of the following year. At the end of June, all above-ground parts of the flexible anemone die off. By this time, the terminal renewal bud has already been formed. Flexible anemone is a cryptophyte (geophyte). At the base of some internodes of the rhizome, small lateral renewal buds are formed (at a depth of 2.5-3 cm). Parts of the internode are easily separated and provide vegetative propagation of plants. Seed propagation in nature is insignificant.
In GBS since 1961 (from Sakhalin), grows in partial shade. It blooms somewhat earlier than in nature, in late April - early May. Blooms for 2-3 weeks. Flower diameter is 2.8-3 cm. Seeds are not formed. The end of the growing season is in mid-late June.
Anemone Radde - Anemone raddeana Rgl
.
A beautiful snowdrop with showy single white flowers. One of the largest-flowered and early-blooming anemones in the Far East. Habitat of the East Asian continental-island type: Russia (Sakhalin and Moneron, common; Ussuriysk, Zee-Bureya districts), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku), Korean Peninsula. Grows in floodplain and mountain forests in bright places with good moisture. Mesophyte.
A perennial ephemeroid plant with a single peduncle bearing one flower. The height of the peduncle varies from 10 to 25 cm, on average 13 cm. Flower diameter is 3-4.5 cm (average - 3.7 cm, maximum - 6 cm). The basal leaf and spathe are three-dissected. The perianth consists of numerous petal-shaped white leaflets (“petals”). The outer “petals” are wider than the inner ones (0.4 and 0.3 cm, respectively). The number of “petals” varies from 8 to 21, most often 8-12. There are many stamens and pistils, the fruit is polyspermous. The rhizome is spindle-shaped, 7-9 cm long, up to 7 mm thick, consists of segments 1.5-2 cm long, forming an easily disintegrating chain, sometimes lateral branches appear. Renewal buds are located on the rhizome at the base of the peduncle, only slightly covered with a layer of soil. In addition to the main renewal bud, there are also smaller lateral ones (2-3). Adventitious fine roots are concentrated at the junctions of the “links” of the chain.
It blooms very early, at the end of April, when the snow has not yet completely melted. Its delicate flowers courageously and steadfastly endure all the vicissitudes of the cold and windy Sakhalin spring. Anemone blooms when the leaves on the trees are just beginning to unfurl and the sun's rays easily penetrate the plants. The stems and leaves are anthocyanin colored. Flowering is very friendly: the phases of the beginning of flowering and the beginning of mass flowering almost coincide. The first flowers open when the leaf spathe is not yet fully expanded. Flowering lasts about two weeks. After the end of flowering, the leaves close together, forming a green carpet up to 1.5-3 m in diameter. By the end of May, the leaves begin to die off and completely disappear in mid-June.
In SakhKNII in 1962 it was planted with rhizomes on open ridges and bloomed in the fifth or sixth year after planting. In GBS since 1961 (from Sakhalin), grows in partial shade. Plant height is 15-20 cm. Blooms in late April - early May. It blooms for about 10 days. The end of the growing season is the end of May - the beginning of June. Seeds are not formed.
Anemone Radde is a poisonous plant: it causes stomach pain, vomiting, and upset. (Kimoto, Sirasaka, 1936). It is of interest as an early spring plant, growing well and creating beautiful clumps in partial shade on moist soil.
Hairy anemone - Anemone villosissima (DC.) Juz.
A low plant with beautiful umbels of large white flowers.
North Pacific type habitat: Russia (Sakhalin and Moneroya, Kuril Islands - all islands, Kamchatka, Commander Islands), Aleutian Islands, North America, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu). Mesopsych-rofit. In the Kuril Islands it forms beautiful meadows.
Perennial plant (9), 20-25 (35) cm, leaves are rounded-reniform, five-dissected, the stem is quite powerful. The entire plant is more or less covered with long, erect hairs. The number of peduncles is usually 3 (up to 6). Flower diameter (2.5) 3-4 (4.5) cm. Flowers are collected in simple umbrellas of 3-6 (9). The diameter of the inflorescence is 6-10 cm. The number of tepals is 5-6 (8). The flowers have a light pleasant aroma. Blooms in June-July. The seeds ripen in August. Fruiting is abundant.
In SakhKNII since 1963, growing in open areas on ridges. Plant height (20-30 cm), flower diameter (4 cm), inflorescences (7 cm) correspond to average specimens in nature. Blooms at the end of May, blooms for about a month. Single seeds are set. When sowing before winter, single shoots of the rose-like type were noted in late June–early July.
Hairy anemone is an interesting plant for rocky gardens and for planting in clumps in parks in open, well-drained places. Listed in Dictionary of Gardening (1956). A similar in appearance A. sibirica L
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A. villosissima (DC.) Juz
.) and
North America
:
Anemone anemone - Anemone canadensis Anemone Drumoda - Anemone drummondii Anemone globular - Anemone globosa Anemone multiseps - Anemone multiceps Anemone multifida - Anemone multifida narcissiflora - Anemone narcissiflora oregano - Anemone oregana Anemone parviflora - Anemone parviflora Anemone richardsonii Anemone tuberosa
Anemone canadensis
Grows in fields and forest areas from Labrador to Colorado. It has long, petiolate, basal leaves and a strong stem that grows up to 60 cm with white star-shaped flowers 2.5-3.8 cm in diameter. Blooms from spring through summer. This fast-growing plant is more suitable for a nature-style garden than a rocky hill.
Anemone Drumoda
— Anemone drummondii
Grows on dry rocky ledges, scree slopes and hills at an altitude of about 3690 m from Alaska to California and the mountains of Idaho and Montana. It has pinnately dissected basal leaves and stems 20 cm tall. The flowers are white, solitary, appear from May to August, 1-3.5 cm in diameter, green, blue or lavender on the underside. The fruit is round, densely pubescent and silky. In Alaska, this species is very blue on the underside of the petals. Named after Thomas Drummond, a Scottish botanist who collected plants in the early 1800s.
Anemone globosa
A closely related species to A. parviflora, it is found from Alaska to California and New Mexico in high mountain valleys and mountain areas. The basal leaves are dissected into lobes, the slender stems are 30 cm tall, the flowers range from greenish-yellow to deep purple. The fruit is spherical.
Anemone multicapita
— Anemone multiceps
It grows in Alaska and is very rare. Initially thought to be a variety of A. drummondii as it inhabits the same area, the plant is much smaller and resembles a tiny lumbago. Blooms from late May to early August.
Anemone multicut
— Anemone multifida
Grows in rocky soils and rock crevices at higher elevations from Alaska and Yukon to California, southern Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico. Also found in South America. Forms a bunch of long-petiolate, trilobed basal leaves, the lobes also have denticles. The pubescent stems grow to 5-50 cm tall with 1-3 white, cream or pale yellow flowers. It blooms from May to August, acquiring a light shade of red, blue or purple. There can be a wide range of colors within a population, and there are even forms with reddish flowers. The fruit is round and slightly fleecy.
Anemone narcissiflora
Inhabits high mountain grasslands, often on limestone, in Colorado, north-central Wyoming, Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. Also found in central and southern Europe. The basal leaves are deeply dissected with pubescent stems up to 10-40 cm tall. The whitish to lemon yellow flowers appear from early June to mid-August, sometimes turning bright pink on the outside. The flowers have yellow stamens and can be solitary or in numbers from 3 to 8. The fruit is smooth, round with smooth black seeds.
Variety monantha (synonyms: subsp. alaskana, subsp. interior) - see photo. Inhabits dry heaths and rocky slopes in Alaska. Grows up to 15 cm tall with slender shoots and mostly single flowers, white on the outside.
The villosissima variety grows in the grasslands of Alaska, primarily in the Aleutian Islands. A large plant, up to 35 cm tall, has several spreading basal leaves, pubescent along the edges, generally round or oval, divided into five sessile parts. Blooms with several white or creamy white flowers.
Oregon anemone
— Anemone oregana
Similar to A. nemorosa, it grows from northern Washington state to central Oregon, inhabiting open forests and scrub-covered slopes. It grows using underground shoots and grows 10-30 cm tall. It has one basal leaf and three deeply divided and toothed leaves around the stem. Flowers up to 2.5-3.8 cm in diameter appear from March to June and have lilac-lavender, red-lavender or pale pink shades.
The felix variety has a limited range in Oregon, where it is very rare, being more common in the swamps and bogs of Washington state. The leaves are trifoliate, the stems grow up to 15-30 cm in height. White flowers appear from March to June and have a slightly purplish tint on the outside. More than 60 stamens help distinguish this form from the original species.
'Ellensburg Blue', with dark blue flowers, was developed by Rick Lupp from a variety growing at 1230 m in the Washington Cascades.
Small-flowered anemone
— Anemone parviflora
Grows from Alaska and Yukon to Oregon, Idaho, Utah and Colorado. In Alaska it lives in meadows, wastelands, rocky slopes at an altitude of 615 m on St. Elias Mountains. It grows as far down as it reaches the forest area at the top. South of Alaska it grows at an altitude of 3050 m in spruce and fir forests, along mountain streams and in meadows. The dark green basal leaves are shiny, smooth, divided into three lobes, toothed. The stems are white-pubescent and grow up to 5-20 cm tall. Small white or cream flowers bloom from June to August, solitary, bluish on the underside. The seed cone is round or oval and densely pubescent.
The variety grandiflora (see photo) usually grows in Alaska and has large flowers 3-4 cm in diameter.
Planting anemones in the ground
The area for planting anemones is prepared in the fall - they dig deep with a pitchfork to pry up the roots of the weeds and leave them no chance to germinate in the spring.
The soil is covered with leaf compost to enrich it with nutrients, and ash or dolomite flour is also scattered on the surface of the acidic soil.
Soil for anemones
Anemones are not too demanding on soil; many species grow on poor soils and even on calcareous hillsides.
The plant will not tolerate high soil acidity, although it can grow on slightly acidic soil, but does not develop as intensively as on fertile humus.
In the spring, the soil, which is not yet devoid of moisture, is treated with a rake, destroying the crust formed during the drying of the top layer.
Then they dig holes no more than 12-15 cm deep, maintaining the distance between them according to the rules of agricultural technology.
Add a little sand to the bottom of the hole; if organic matter was not added to the area in the fall, add a handful of ash and humus.
Tubers or rhizome fragments are placed so that the growing point is not buried more than 2-5 cm. Sprinkle with soil, compact and lightly water.
How to properly care?
Anemone is a favorite flower among gardeners not only because of its beauty and sophistication. It is also very easy to care for, so it can be grown even by novice gardeners. Basic care includes several positions.
Watering
In the wild there can be different situations: both heavy rains and periods of prolonged drought. Anemone successfully copes with everything, but it is not advisable to experiment on the site.
And if most of the time the anemone receives water from precipitation, then during active growth and setting of buds it will be necessary to provide additional watering.
After watering, the soil should not be loosened: the root system of the plant is superficial, and you can easily damage it. All weeds are removed by hand. In addition, we should not forget that everything should be in moderation, so there is no need to flood the plants either. An abundance of water will lead to rotting and fungus formation.
Features of care
Growing anemones in open ground, as a rule, does not require constant attention from the grower or any special care techniques.
During the growing season, it is necessary to promptly remove weeds and loosen the soil shallowly so as not to touch the roots.
Location and lighting
Most anemones do not tolerate open sunny space and prefer to grow in partial shade, with the exception of light-loving Mediterranean species - crown anemone, Apennine anemone, Caucasian anemone, and tender anemone.
Ephemeroids, in which the growing season begins before greenery appears on the trees, are quite content with their proximity.
Anemone bushes should not be planted in hollows that are often flooded with melt and sediment water.
Otherwise, the plant is not picky and is not afraid of frosty winters.
Air humidity
The anemone does not have any special requirements for environmental humidity, but in too hot weather it is favorably received by spraying the foliage using a finely dispersed nozzle of a watering hose.
High humidity often turns out to be detrimental to anemone - the lower foliage begins to rot, spreading the affected areas to the entire plant.
How to water correctly
Regarding anemone, the following statement will sound correctly: it is better to underfill than to overfill.
Only transplanted plants need regular watering - they are moistened as the soil dries out. For adult specimens, sedimentary moisture is sufficient.
To preserve it, mulch the soil around the root collar with sawdust.
In hot weather, plants are watered at the root and sprayed, trying not to overdo it and prevent moisture stagnation.
Feeding and fertilizers
During the flowering period, anemones are fed with complex mineral fertilizers, following the doses indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging.
Organic matter is added before the growing season begins. If in the fall on the eve of wintering anemones are mulched with peat or fallen leaves, early spring feeding is not necessary.
Trimming
Anemones do not need special crown formation. The bushes grow compact and do not require pruning.
In ephemeroids, after the end of the growing season, the foliage dries and turns into undecorative dry brooms, so it is cut off and removed from the flowerbed.
Species that grow throughout the summer and autumn decorate the garden with filigree leaves, which acquire a faint purple hue closer to the onset of cold weather.
For the winter, the stems are cut off, leaving only the basal rosette, which in some species turns green even under the snow.
Bloom
The flowering time of spring anemones is late May or early June.
Summer ones bloom from mid-July, autumn ones delight with the variegated color of their petals from the end of August until the first frost.
Even small clumps of planted anemones attract attention.
Graceful long peduncles rise above the bushes, forming a light snow-white or variegated cloud of airy flowers of pink, lilac, crimson, blue, and violet.
Caring for anemone after flowering
Flowering lasts about two to three weeks, then the tops of the flowering stems are crowned with the resulting green boxes with seeds.
Flower growers try to cut them before they ripen, because self-seeding anemones are extremely aggressive towards other inhabitants of the flowerbed and the entire garden.
The plant quickly conquers space if its distribution is not limited.
When the need arises to collect seed, they try not to miss the moment of opening the boxes.
The fluffy lumps enveloping the seeds are instantly picked up by the wind and carried over considerable distances.
Diseases and pests
Anemones are less susceptible to diseases and pests than other garden flowers. Under conditions of excessive moisture, the root system suffers, especially in corm species.
Leaf nematodes, which are not such frequent visitors, are dangerous for anemones, but it is difficult to fight them due to their microscopic size, which does not allow the pest to be detected in a timely manner.
Unfortunately, when it becomes clear that the anemone bushes are parasitized by a nematode, it is too late to save them.
Most leaf blades become covered with yellow-brown spots and are doomed to death.
The only thing left to do is cut off the affected tops and destroy them.
It is advisable to dig up the plants and treat them with a systemic insecticide, for example, carbofuran or fenamiphos, dry them and plant them in another place.
Experienced gardeners claim that nematodes do not appear where marigolds or calendula grow, or on plants planted next to garlic beds.
Anemones in the garden are also annoyed by slugs and snails. These pests are collected by hand, and the plants are treated with a metaldehyde solution.
Answers to frequently asked questions from readers
Is it possible to expel anemone at home?
Anemone tubers can bloom right in the apartment. They are planted in pots and then placed in a cool place (about 16°C). When sprouts appear, the air temperature is increased to +18…+20°C. For good flowering, plants should be illuminated.
Why did the anemone's leaves turn yellow?
Yellowing of the leaves may indicate insufficient nutrition of the plant.
In this case, it is recommended to feed the anemone with complex mineral fertilizer. It is worth paying attention to soil moisture. Leaves turn yellow with over- and under-watering.
The anemone is covered in spots. What to do?
Anemones become spotted due to nematodes. The main task in this case is to save healthy plants. Bushes affected by the pest must be dug up and destroyed.
Plant lifespan
The above-ground part of anemones dies off after each flowering period. At the same time, the rhizomes and tubers of the plants remain viable. In the wild, anemones grow for decades.
It is possible to extend the lifespan of anemone by creating good conditions for wintering. In cold climates, you need to dig up the flower (otherwise the anemone may die). The procedure is repeated every autumn. The plant is planted back into the ground in the spring.
Spring types of anemone
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Anemone multidissected is a perennial 15-50 cm tall with expressive pinnately dissected emerald-colored leaves and small flowers up to 4 cm in diameter, which bloom from early spring to mid-summer. The Pink Silk variety with delicate petals is especially attractive, although other forms with lilac, yellow, and white flowers are also decorative.
Forest anemone is a herbaceous plant with straight pubescent stems about 50 cm high with whorls of two- and three-part leaves covered with fluffy hairs, and white or cream flowers with a circumference of 5-7 cm. Beautiful forms of open ground with large and double corollas have been developed.
Terry blue anemone is a popular variety in garden floriculture with bright dark blue flowers.
Summer and autumn views
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Anemone is a fast-growing, drought-tolerant herbaceous plant with beautiful white blooms and finely carved foliage. It grows well in both shade and sun.
Virginia anemone is the only type of anemone that survives in flooding conditions, therefore it is often used to decorate garden ponds. A tall, powerful perennial, growing up to 70 cm, with spectacular palmately dissected leaves and paniculate inflorescences of snow-white flowers with a bunch of expressive yellow stamens.
Japanese anemone is a tall herbaceous perennial with stems about 90 cm. The flowers are large, snow-white or pink, up to 8 cm in circumference, grouped in inflorescences of 10-15 pieces, bloom from August until frost. Breeders have developed many beautifully flowering varieties, for example, pamina with semi-double deep pink flowers and others.
Hybrid anemone - large perennials more than a meter high, with large corollas of various colors over 8 cm in diameter. They are characterized by poor frost resistance and require reliable shelter for the winter. Of the many varieties, Lorelai is popular - a spectacular plant with pale pink flowers, collected in small umbrella inflorescences.
Crown anemone is the type species of the genus with bright scarlet, pink, blue or white corollas. It is considered an autumn-flowering plant, but if the tubers are left in the ground for the winter, reliably protected from the cold, the crown anemone blooms twice per season - in spring and autumn. Planting and caring for perennials is minimally labor-intensive.
Summer miniature anemone species with a height of no more than 10-15 cm are favorite among flower growers - multi-headed anemone with unusual dark stamens against the background of the blue palette of the corolla, Richardson's yellow anemone and others.
How to care for anemone in winter?
Rhizomatous species withstand winter, especially adult plants.
Young, recently transplanted anemones are advised to be covered with spruce branches or fallen leaves for the winter, otherwise they will freeze out.
Tubers, as a rule, are dug up in the fall, washed in a solution of potassium permanganate, dried thoroughly and stored in the cellar until spring in containers with sand or sawdust.
Anemones are a wonderful decoration for the garden, and their diversity allows you to choose plants with different flowering times and enjoy the gentle fluttering of the petals all summer long.
Medicinal properties
Anemone has a number of medicinal properties:
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- Anti-inflammatory;
- painkillers;
- diuretic;
- sweatshop;
- antiseptic.
In folk medicine it is used for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, visual and hearing impairments. It is used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities, as well as painful menstruation. Helps men treat impotence and also effectively eliminates headaches, toothache and migraine.
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For home treatment, the above-ground part of the plant is used. The grass is collected during flowering. Dried anemone grass is used; for this it must be placed in a well-ventilated area without direct sunlight. For self-treatment with forest anemone, you need to consult a doctor, since the use of the plant has a number of contraindications. The substances that make up the plant are toxic, so it is forbidden to use anemone for people with heart disease, high blood pressure, or vascular diseases. Pregnant women and nursing mothers are prohibited from using the plant.
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