Among the huge variety of colors inherent in the “queens” of the autumn garden, white chrysanthemums are especially popular. This is the least cliched flower. A bouquet of white chrysanthemums can be presented to anyone and for any occasion, without the risk of getting into an ambiguous position. By choosing it as a gift, you can put a unique meaning into the composition, combining sincerity, respect and gratitude.
White chrysanthemums: symbolism, history of appearance in Europe
My eyes saw everything in the world - and returned to you, white chrysanthemums. Ransetsu (1654-1707). Japanese Hoku
The cultivation of perennial bush chrysanthemums as an ornamental crop first began in Southeast Asia. This happened over 3 thousand years ago. Moreover, at the same time, two countries with ancient traditions and culture - Japan and China - are arguing for the right to be called the Homeland of this incredibly beautiful flower.
The qualities that chrysanthemums symbolize largely stem from their flowering season - autumn, the time of year most suitable for taking stock and rethinking life experiences. The tart, bitter aroma of Chinese and Japanese chrysanthemum and its dense petals, which are not afraid of prolonged rains and frosts, are associated in philosophy with fortitude, strength of character and convictions, wisdom, maturity and longevity.
These flowers came to Europe in the 17th century, but at that time intensive selection had not yet been applied to them; outwardly they were almost no different from daisies and did not make a splash. Attitudes towards them changed after the flower exhibition held in 1889 in Paris. It summed up the results of the hundred-year culture of chrysanthemum cultivation in Europe. The audience was presented with the “queens” of the autumn garden of different colors with large and small reed, feather-shaped, tubular, radiant, needle-shaped and lanceolate petals. Each one was beautiful and unique. But it was the white chrysanthemum of the Willis variety that made the greatest impression. This huge (41 cm in diameter) voluminous flower resembled a Caucasian papakha. One of the visitors to the exhibition, a highlander, was so amazed by the beauty of this flower that he gave the gardener who raised it 30 choice rams.
Avignon
Avignon is a beautiful, densely double variety of single-headed chrysanthemums with large flowers up to 15 cm in diameter. The petals of the inflorescences are painted in the most pleasant shades - from soft peach to rich pink. Dense spherical caps of flowers sit on long powerful stems covered with dense carved dark green foliage. The height of the shoots reaches 80 cm.
The variety is a late-flowering variety - the inflorescences open by the end of October, which means that in the middle zone, when grown in open ground, you may not wait for flowering. Therefore, it is recommended to plant Avignon bushes in containers and put them away in a house, greenhouse or winter garden for the winter.
To whom is it customary to give white chrysanthemums?
Chrysanthemums occupy a special place in the symbolism of the “flower” world. Speaking about what they mean in its hierarchy, you need to understand: these gifts of flora are not as romantic as roses, but also not as strict as hyacinths. More common than newfangled hydrangeas, but they also do not have stable associative connections, like, for example, carnations. A bouquet of white chrysanthemums does not have a pronounced romantic connotation and is appropriate when congratulating a manager or colleagues, a business partner, a doctor, a teacher, elderly people of any gender or older relatives.
The one who gives you white chrysanthemums seems to be telling you: “Trust me.” In addition, snow-white chrysanthemum heals the soul from pain and negativity, helps to relax, and brings peace.
An excellent solution is to present a snow-white bouquet as a sign of apology or reconciliation: the white color, including in the language of flowers, has symbolized sincerity and purity of intentions since ancient times. Since aster flowers remain fresh for a long time even after cutting, the chances of erasing resentment from the opponent’s heart increase - after all, it is difficult not to forgive a person whose feelings are reminded for so long by a beautiful bouquet on the table.
And, of course, one of the most popular events where flowers with snow-white petals are often used is a wedding celebration. If the yellow chrysanthemum is usually called the “queen of autumn,” then the white one can be called, without exaggeration, the “queen of wedding bouquets.” In the East, it is believed that if a bride chooses a white chrysanthemum (in the language of flowers, a symbol of purity and innocence) as the main flower for her bouquet, her marriage will be blessed by heaven.
Gazelle
Gazelle is an exhibition variety of English selection with large hemispherical inflorescences. Snow-white terry buds reach an average size of 12-14 cm, and with good care they can grow up to 17 cm. In the core of the flower the shade can be cream.
The bush is tall, thin stems 70-80 cm long need support or garter. Small carved foliage of light green color creates a wonderful background for delicate flower heads that appear in August and remain a decoration of the garden until frost.
An interesting feature of the Gazelle variety is that its flowers are able to change shape depending on the length of daylight. With illumination of more than 10 hours a day, the inflorescences grow large and take on a flattened shape, and with a short day of light, the diameter of the flower decreases and it becomes rounded and convex.
Why do you dream of white chrysanthemums?
In dream interpretation, white chrysanthemums (as opposed to other colors) mean sadness or loss, which will ultimately give impetus to inner spiritual growth. Any actions with these flowers promise difficulties and adversity. A girl who sees them in a dream should be prepared to meet great love, which she will lose because of her pride and immoderate ambitions. Collecting chrysanthemums in a dream means facing troubles in real life.
White chrysanthemums: a sign of love and sadness. Often such dreams foreshadow heartache.
However, it is difficult to say unequivocally why white chrysanthemums are dreamed of. All known dream books give different, sometimes contradictory answers to this question. When deciphering a dream, the first thing you need to consider is whether you dreamed of a fresh or withered flower, or whether you saw one or several flowers in a dream.
So, for example, if you dreamed of a stranger presenting you with a lush, fresh bouquet, most likely a joyful event will happen in your life in the near future. If the presented composition of white chrysanthemums is not of the first freshness, expect trouble. The more flowers in the bouquet, the greater the joy or sorrow.
In any case, there is no need to attach too much importance to what white chrysanthemums mean in dreams. After all, their reliability is influenced by too many factors, including the day of the week and time of day.
Cassandra Pink
Adult bushes of the Korean chrysanthemum variety Cassandra Pink reach a height of 100 cm and are perfect for planting in mixborders and flower beds, as well as for cutting into bouquets. Lush hemispherical inflorescences of a lilac hue reach an average diameter of 10 cm and delight with their appearance in August-September.
In the case of Korean chrysanthemums, plant height and flower size depend on agricultural practices. When forming a round bush with many shoots, the inflorescences will be small - 5-7 cm. If you need to grow large flowers, you should remove the side shoots, leaving 2-3 buds on each stem. Then the plant will not waste energy on branching, but will direct all its potential to the development of existing flowers.
The soil for planting plants of this variety, as for most chrysanthemums, needs light, nutritious, and moisture-permeable. The soil reaction should be neutral or slightly acidic. It is better to choose a sunny place for planting, protected from drafts.
White chrysanthemums in landscape design and floristry
Chrysanthemums decorate our gardens with lush, abundant blooms throughout the long autumn. And white bush varieties are by no means the last among them. They look great in the garden, both monogamously and in mixed borders. There are many variations - from planting in flower beds to creating cascades and borders. And the overall impression depends on the type of flower.
A modest pastoral flower bed, seeded with chamomile or small-flowered chrysanthemums, is an ideal decoration for a garden or small home flower garden, decorated in Provence style. Another thing is a multi-tiered mixborder made of lush, large-flowered spherical chrysanthemum, reminiscent of a huge wedding cake. It will be a wonderful decoration for a romantic vintage landscape. There is sure to be a suitable solution for every site and owner’s taste.
As for floral compositions, both small and large white “queens” of autumn gardens look great both as independent units and in combination with flowers of other types and colors: irises, carnations, even sunflowers. One of the most popular options is white chrysanthemums with red roses. Florists also like to combine flowers of the same variety, but of different colors, in one bouquet. Such compositions made from chamomile varieties are especially effective.
Peculiarities
The description of white chrysanthemums should begin with the fact that this is a whole group of hybrids and varieties. Garden chrysanthemum has become a very popular garden crop, primarily blooming in the autumn months. This is a short-day plant, part of the Asteraceae or Asteraceae family. It is believed that tansy and yarrow are closely related plant genera. Chrysanthemums come from temperate and cold climates.
These are usually branching subshrubs. Herbaceous varieties are found several times less frequently. In ancient China, they began to use such a culture in garden design back in the 6th century BC. Indoor culture includes varieties with small flowers and not too tall columns. Over the past 100-200 years, the number of varieties has increased significantly.
White spray chrysanthemums: varieties
The total number of varieties of white chrysanthemums can hardly be counted. Let's list just a few of them.
Chamomile
:
- Snow Maiden (Snegurochka). Non-double, bush. Height – 25 cm, simple flowers 4 cm in circumference. White with a large yellow center, shortened, wide petals. Blooms from August to October.
Chrysanthemum "Snow Maiden" - Chic (Chic, Chic). Bushy, non-double, reminiscent of the Bacardi variety, but with wider petals. Grown for cutting. White reed petals surround a green disc. The inflorescence is 7 cm in circumference, the stem length is about 55 cm. Flowering from August to October.
Chrysanthemum "Chick" - Himalayas. A non-double variety with short, wide ligulate leaves and a greenish disc. The height of the bush is up to 60 cm, the circumference of the inflorescence is up to 6 cm. It blooms in September.
Chrysanthemum "Himalayas"
Korean tall large-flowered
:
- White bear. Terry single-headed variety, pompom, stem height up to 90 cm, basket circumference up to 16 cm. Petals at the beginning of flowering are yellowish in the center, then become snow-white. Flowering from August to November.
Chrysanthemum "Polar Bear" - White swan. Terry single-headed, height up to 85 cm, inflorescence circumference up to 8.5 cm. Blooms in September.
Chrysanthemum "White Swan" - White poodle. An unusual terry single-headed variety. Curly-bent thin reed petals are creamy-white, the inflorescence is up to 18 cm in circumference. The stem length is up to 80 cm. Flowering occurs in the first half of November.
Chrysanthemum "White Poodle" - Ribonet. Terry single-headed variety, lush large white inflorescences up to 20 cm in circumference. Stem length up to 80 cm. Blooms from October to November.
Chrysanthemum "Ribonet" - Pearl. Terry lush inflorescence with small white baskets in circumference up to 5 cm, stem length up to 60 cm. Closed bush. A very early variety, blooms in July.
Chrysanthemum "Pearl" - Evelina (Evelyn Bush, Evelina). Terry variety, inflorescence up to 9 cm in circumference. Wide reed petals taper towards the edge. It reaches a height of 60 cm. It blooms from September to early November.
Chrysanthemum "Evelyn Bush" - Helen (Helen White, Ellen White). Terry variety. In the center the petals are pale yellow. The inflorescence circumference is up to 8 cm. The stem length is 50-60 cm.
Chrysanthemum "Helen" - Regina White. Terry, large flowers up to 10 cm, powerful stems, up to 70 cm long, blooms in September-October.
Chrysanthemum "Regina"
Korean multiflora
:
- White dance. The circumference of the flowers is up to 8 cm, the length of the stems is about 60-70 cm. In the process of flowering, the edges of the petals turn slightly pink. Super early variety, blooms already in July.
Chrysanthemum "White Dance" - Belyanochka. Terry variety, reed petals form a lush inflorescence. The circumference of the flowers is up to 7 cm, the length of the stems is up to 70 cm. It blooms from August to October.
Chrysanthemum "White" - Furor (Furor) bush. A terry variety, the lush inflorescence in the center has a light green-cream color. Inflorescences up to 8 cm in circumference, stem length up to 70 cm. Blooms from August to September.
Chrysanthemum "Furor"
Korean medium height
:
- Euro (Euro) bush. Terry variety, reed leaves in the center are smaller than those located at the edges. The middle is greenish-yellow. The length of the stems is up to 70 cm, the circumference of the inflorescence is up to 7.5 cm. It blooms from the end of August to the end of September.
Chrysanthemum "Euro" - Coconut. Terry bush variety. Snow-white tubular petals are collected into a neat lush spherical inflorescence. The length of the stems is up to 70 cm, the circumference of the inflorescence is up to 12 cm.
Chrysanthemum "Coconut" - Sky (Sky) bush. Terry variety with a hemispherical inflorescence of reed petals. The middle of the inflorescence is lemon yellow, the diameter of the flower is up to 7 cm. Height is up to 60 cm. Flowering from August to October.
Chrysanthemum "Sky" - Crystal chrysanthemum (Hrustalnaja chrysanthemum). Semi-double single-headed variety with long thin reed petals and a lemon-yellow center. Flowering – August-October.
Chrysanthemum "Crystal"
Korean low-growing (border)
:
- Bride's outfit (Bride, Bride's dress, Nevesta). Terry variety. Inflorescence in the form of a basket up to 7 cm in circumference. Height up to 20 cm. Blooms in August.
Chrysanthemum "Bride's outfit" - Bonita (Bonita) bush. Semi-double variety, looks like the Euro variety. Reed petals are snow-white. The height of the bush is up to 50 cm, the inflorescence circumference is small, up to 6 cm. It blooms in September.
Chrysanthemum "Bonita"
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As popular wisdom says, you can endlessly look at three things: fire, water and... white chrysanthemums. These colors amazingly combine solemnity and simplicity, modesty and pride, beauty and laconicism. Nature created these recognized queens of the autumn garden, as if specifically so that we could more easily endure the autumn blues and, even in frosty weather, remember that spring is just around the corner.
Silver-haired Lady
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Gray Lady is one of the largest varieties among single-headed chrysanthemums. Its straight, densely leafy stems grow up to 1 m in height, and are crowned with huge terry caps of inflorescences. The circumference of flowers can reach an incredible 30 cm!
The inflorescences of plants of this variety consist of long reed petals, colored dark pink on the inside and a lighter dusty shade on the outside. This combination adds volume to an already lush flower, gives grace and even some mystery.
Chrysanthemums of the Silver-haired Lady variety do not tolerate cold weather - when grown in open ground in a temperate climate, they must be dug up for the winter and transferred for storage to a cellar or basement.
